The conditions for international human resource management: two case studies

A move towards the transnational or global corporation is widely canvassed. Rather less attention has been devoted to how the multinational company

actually organizes its HR activities or to the conditions which permit a transnational form of organization to emerge and survive. The paper explores these two issues, using case study evidence from two British-owned companies. The model of the transnational suggests that authority is devolved and control is dispersed. The paper shows, however, that central control was greater than is often thought. As for the conditions for transnationality, key immediate influences were the length of time for which the firms had been multinationals and the routes taken to attain this state; these influences were underpinned by differences in market structure. Even where a transnational approach had been developed, future competitive trends suggested that it might be under threat. The implication is that the‘transnational solution’may be attainable only in certain types of firm and that it may prove to be unstable.     

欠发达地区企业工业化与国际化的关系探讨

欠发达地区企业工业化有利于科技成果的商品化和产业化,是城市化的原动力,也是企业国际化的基础,国际化竞争反作用于工业化进程。国际化在资金筹集、技术创新、产品销售、人才培养、信息传递等方面给欠发达地区企业带来新的发展机遇,主要包括技术联盟、与大型企业联盟和企业间共生等发展模式。欠发达地区企业在工业化进程中,力图产品国际化、市场国际化、资金国际化、人才国际化的同时,应注意盲目跟风、融资困难、对外发展机遇欠缺以及与本土化的关系等问题。     

When two cultures meet: new industrial relations at Japanco

This article addresses the question of the responses of British workers to Japanese management practices through a detailed case study of Japanco, a UK Japanese implant. The argument challenges the abstract ‘ideal type’ view of Japanization, by stressing the pragmatism of Japanese management, and its willingness to adjust to the contingencies of economic pressures and British industrial culture, over time. The introduction, outlining the main themes of the Japanization debate, is followed by a brief profile of Japanco. The main empirical body of the article is divided between an analysis of the start-up characteristics of Japanco, followed by a consideration of developments several years later, based on interviews and questionnaire material. The conclusion suggests that, like Ford of a previous generation, Japanco is being changed by its British industrial culture, just as this has been shaped in recent years by Japanese influence and example.     

Do employment quotas explain the occupational choices of disadvantaged minorities in India?

This article investigates the effects of a large-scale public sector employment quota policy for disadvantaged minorities (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) in India on their occupational choices, as defined by skill level, during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that, first, the employment quota policy significantly affects the occupational structure of both disadvantaged minority populations. In response to the employment quotas, individuals belonging to the Scheduled Caste group are more likely to choose high-skill occupations and less likely to choose low- and middle-skill occupations, while individuals belonging to the Scheduled Tribe group are less likely to choose high-skill occupations and more likely to choose low- and middle-skill occupations. Second, the impact of the employment quotas is significantly related with an individual’s years of schooling. Overall, the results indicate that the employment quota policy changes the occupational choices of individuals within the targeted populations and contributes to their improved socio-economic standing.     

延安大学社会体育专业学生就业现状调查与研究

文章采用问卷调查法对延安大学体育学院已毕业的社会体育专业的学生就业现状进行问卷调查,根据结果进行分析,提出相应的对策。     

高职学生就业力构成及培养途径探究

就业是民生之本，面对当前严峻的大学生就业形势，高职学生要想在激烈的竞争中立于不败之地．制胜的法宝就是要提高自身的就业力。作为承担着培养任务的高职院校，需要深入研究高职学生的就业竞争力的构成，并通过多种渠道培养学生的就业力，使他们成为满足生产一线需要的实用技能型人才。     

Private sector employment in Russia: Scale, composition and performance

In Russia, as across Central and Eastern Europe, privatization and the establishmemt of new private firms have been viewed as key factors in labour market adjustment during the transition period. This paper considers the overall employment developments in the private sector in Russia and the extent to which the private sector employment performance is differentiated from that of other sectors in five Russian regions. The analysis is based on a fresh look at these issues using official statistics published by Goskomstat and drawing on microdata from the March 1996 Russian Labour Force Survey (LFS). A special questionnaire attached to the LFS in the study regions provides supplementary information.
The paper highlights shifts in the sectoral composition of employment, including growth in private sector employment. Compared to other forms of ownership, the analysis confirms a tendency for private sector ownership in the study regions to be associated with stronger employment performance with respect to hours worked and, in some cases, timely payment of wages. Private sector firms appear to have relatively flexible employment patterns, utilizing more fixed-term or part-time employment than other types of firms and experiencing greater labour turnover. Also, private sector employees tend to be somewhat younger and probably more adaptable people. However, there is significant variation across the study regions and substantial exceptions exist with respect to the above-mentioned tendencies. With respect to employment issues, the differentiation between sectors appears to be less pronounced than one might have expected.     

日关系的10年回顾与反思

进入90年代后，中日关系的发展遇到了许多矛盾和障碍，两国关系发展的不和谐音时时萦绕耳边。中日关系中问题的出现，是由日本方面一手造成的，如果日本方面不在影响中日关系顺利向前发展的诸多方面做出调整，中日关系的全面趋冷，将是其必然发展趋势。目前，中日双边关系需要重新建构信任与合作。     

对西方国家都市区发展的反思与借鉴

都市区一体化这一概念对于城市规划学、城市地理学界并不陌生，但是从城市管制角度出发将之城市集聚区内，解释、引导区内交互作用的城市之间、城市与区域之间空间组织、社会构造则是近来的事，首先，分析欧美都市区发展的负面因素、市区城市政治权力上升趋势之后，认为都市区对区域城市化地区一体化发展的引导和组织是一种客观必然；然后认识区域性大都市带的发展因当从交通设施的建设、住民就业问题的对策和都市区发展的长期目标这     

Technology,labour and the rise of a financial newspaper – the early years of Dagens Industri

The financial newspaper, Dagens Industri, published by the Swedish media conglomerate the Bonnier Group, was not only the first successful financial newspaper in Sweden but also one of few newspapers that managed to internationalise. In this paper, it is argued that the survival and success of Dagens Industri could be attributed to the production model that the paper was made to adopt in order to cope with the special technological and labour market-related circumstances that were present at the time of its creation. This includes the outsourcing of composition and printing, something that allowed the paper to stay out of the labour conflicts that rocked the media industry at the time. It is also shown that, because of the differences in the structure of the labour movement, the challenges met, and the solutions used by the Bonnier Group, differed significantly from those of American newspaper companies.