Youth wage employment and parental education in Malawi

This paper looks at the relationship between the likelihood of being in regular wage employment and parental education for Malawian youth. It uses data from the third integrated household survey (IHS3). Only a mother's education is found to have a statistically significant effect on the likelihood of being in regular wage employment for young females and males. It is established that the effect of a mother's education on young males is significantly larger than that for young females. The paper also finds that, regardless of gender, a mother's education complements/reinforces the positive effect of a youth's own education on the probability of being in wage employment. The evidence from this paper points to the existence of an intergenerational poverty trap; with children of uneducated mothers or mothers with low education finding themselves outside regular wage jobs.     

实现航空职院毕业生高质量就业途径的探讨

就业是民生之本,高质量就业,核心是高质量,通过对当前航空高职大学生就业现状的分析和调研,建构起"航空高职学院毕业生就业基地"的策略路径。     

职业技能证书对大学生就业影响分析——以路桥与港航工程学院毕业生为例

本文以路桥与港航工程学院毕业生为例,从职业技能证书的角度入手,采用调查法,研究和分析了职业技能证书对大学生就业的影响程度。     

关于大学生就业创业指导体系的研究

构建大学生就业创业指导体系是服务国家加快转变经济发展方式、建设创新型国家和人力资源强国的战略举措,是深化高等教育教学改革、提高人才培养质量、促进大学生全面发展的重要途径,是落实以创业带动就业、促进高校毕业生充分就业的重要措施。本课题通过对大学生开展就业创业调查问卷,梳理高校大学生就业创业指导体系,参考有关研究成果,在目前国内外对大学生就业创业政策、培训体系、帮扶体系、孵化平台、协调机制研及职业指导体系的基础上,结合山东药品食品职业学院就业创业工作实际,构建立足地方行业企业,结合地方经济发展的大学生一体化、专家化、全程化、信息化的就业创业指导体系。     

Engendering Economic Recovery: Modeling Alternatives to Austerity in Europe

This article explores a gendered expansionary macroeconomic scenario for Europe as an alternative to current austerity policies over the medium term. Using a non-equilibrium structuralist macroeconomic model, it demonstrates that the dual aim of economic growth and increases in men’s and women’s employment can be achieved by adopting gender-sensitive expansionary macroeconomic policies. Based on historical data series, three scenarios for Europe for the 2015–25 period are compared: continued austerity, a gender-neutral expansionary scenario, and a gendered expansionary scenario. Projections for the gendered expansionary scenario suggest that 7.4 million more jobs could be created for women in the Eurozone and United Kingdom by reversing austerity policies and gendering and increasing government expenditure and private investment. Further, higher growth rates under this scenario lead to significant reductions of debt-to-GDP ratios and lower budget deficits. The study recommends Europe should roll back austerity policies and embark on a new gender-aware economic trajectory.     

Labour market forecasting in Germany: is disaggregation useful?

This paper examines whether labour market forecasts can be improved by using disaggregated information. We construct vector-autoregressive models for employment by sector in order to produce out-of-sample forecasts of aggregate employment. Forecast accuracy is compared to univariate models by using Clark/West tests. In an application to German data, it is evident that disaggregation significantly improves the employment forecast. Moreover, using fluctuation-window tests we find that disaggregation yields superior results especially in phases with strong and sustained employment changes.     

民办职业教育双创实践的“稳就业”功能——以河南省为例

民办高校对当前双创政策积极响应,成为推动双创实践与职业教育领域深化改革的“体制外”力量,也成为扩大就业的重要渠道。河南省民办职业院校的双创实践活动促进了高教资源的均衡配置,构成了地方高校之间错位竞争的格局。在当前疫情防控措施常态化和社会经济逐步恢复的形势下,应梳理总结与传播推广民办高校在双创实践中的具体经验,以此破解双创过程中的瓶颈问题进而实现稳就业的目标。民办职业教育的双创实践不仅能够促进就业,而且成为河南省高教领域创新驱动的重要策源地,双创学院和创新教育已经取得预期效果。在此基础上应逐步将政策着力点从项目为推手的强制性推动转向诱致性启动,项目激励转向环境激励,经营扶持转向创新扶持,体制内创新转向体制外创新,进而通过产教融合打通就业渠道。河南职业院校也应该利用高职扩招的政策机遇,以双创实践为推手促进治理体系创新走上健康可持续的内涵式发展路径。     

Social expectations,gender and job satisfaction: Front‐line employees in China's retail sector

This study aims to enhance our understanding of gender and employment in China. Analysing data collected from over 1,800 employees at 22 foreign‐invested and locally owned retail stores in eight Chinese cities, it firstly explores whether, like their counterparts in Western countries, female employees have higher levels of job satisfaction than their male colleagues. Secondly, it distinguishes the key differential predictors of female and male employees' job satisfaction levels. This article extends gender role theory on job satisfaction by showing how traditional values, the structure of work and a nation's dominant gender ideology combine to shape women and men's job satisfaction and work experiences in a transitional context.     

中部地区内外就业格局演变研究

文章从系统角度,构建地区就业格局演变模型,解构就业数据,研究中部地区就业格局演进轨迹。结果表明:中部就业自然增长率演进方面,23年前后的人口自然增长率能解释轨迹演进的86%,历程为:1981-1984年为"V"形,1987-1996年为复杂波动,1996-2011年为"长U"形,2012-2015年为低幅波动,2016-2020年由4.47升至5.66,并在2021-2030年下降并维持在4.00以上,中部用工荒在2016年进入潜伏,2024年左右爆发。中部内部就业格局演进方面,直至2011年,除1983年与1985年外均为拥塞,2012-2015年缓解明显,2016-2021年却逆转加重,2021-2030年不断缓解但无法解除,因而中部内部很长时间内仍存在就业难。中部内外就业格局演进方面,1979-2003年中部吸纳西部劳动力的同时并向东部、东北转移劳动力,2003-2011年中部、东部、东北则为竞争,2003年中部出现"恐慌式用工荒",至2011年"恐慌"仍在扩散。     

公共就业服务供给区域差异与合理性分析——基于不平等回归分解方法

在公共服务供给区域差异研究中,往往忽视差异中的合理成分,而供给的合理性很大程度上受需求因素的影响。文章以公共就业服务供给为研究对象,使用Gini系数回归分解方法控制需求因素对供给区域差异的影响。研究发现,需求因素对公共就业服务供给差异造成了一定的影响,在控制需求因素后,不平等程度在可接受范围内。