城市化进程中农民的土地权益保障问题

当前在大力推进农民市民化的背景下,农民的土地权益屡屡受到侵犯,且诱发了一些社会矛盾。应该看到,当前农民与土地的关系未发生根本性变化,进城农民社会保障的获得并非必须以退出承包地、宅基地为前提。需要对要求农民放弃土地的有关政策做出修正,完善征地补偿制度,允许进城农民享受集体财产权益,加大对农民的培训力度,解决进城农民的社会保障问题。     

广西北部湾经济区产业发展与广告专业人才就业保障研究

广西北部湾经济区产业的快速发展和经济增长拓展了广告行业的发展空间。然而,缺乏培训机会、晋升难、发展空间小和薪酬待遇不合理等问题制约了广告专业人才的发展和就业。文章认为,产业发展对广告专业人才的就业具有重要作用,应借助产业发展之力解决广告专业人才的就业保障问题。一是高等学校的广告专业人才培养应与产业发展相结合;二是广告公司要适应产业发展的需要,加强规范化、专业化管理,为广告专业人才提供良好的发展环境;三是充分发挥政府的作用,强化政策扶持。     

构建城乡劳动者平等就业制度的对策研究

构建城乡劳动者平等就业制度,是贯彻落实科学发展观、建设社会主义和谐社会的必然要求,是统筹城乡发展中的一项重要制度创新。要从根本上解决城乡劳动者就业不平等问题,就必须从制度层面着手,彻底打破城乡分割的不平等就业制度,加快构建和形成城乡一体化的就业统计制度、就业政策体系、就业服务体系、就业援助制度、劳动者权益保护以及公共服务和社会保障制度,促进经济社会有序和谐发展。     

当代大学生就业心理问题的表现与对策

就业是当代大学生人生的重大转折。近年来,我国的大学生就业形势日益严峻,导致我国大学生就业压力的不断增大,在大学生面对巨大的就业压力时,他们中很多人都普遍出现了诸如缺乏自信、紧张焦虑、自暴自弃等等消极的心理。这些心理问题不仅严重的影响大学生的顺利就业而且也严重危害大学生的心理健康。因此如何应对当代大学生因就业问题而引发的心理问题就显得格外重要,它不仅是解决大学生就业问题的关键,也关系到大学生自身的长远发展和社会的稳定。     

Are costs really sticky? Evidence from publicly listed companies in the UAE

This article measures the degree of adjustment between operating revenues and costs for publicly listed companies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Traditional cost models assume that variable costs change proportionally in response to an upward or downward fluctuation in demand. However, in recent years, such an assumption has been questioned by a variety of papers from the economics and accounting fields. Typically, cost stickiness is defined as costs decreasing by less than 1% when sales decrease by 1%, while reacting closer to the proportion of change when sales increase. This study, unlike the vast majority of the literature, did not find cost stickiness in the UAE after using panel data regression analysis. The main explanation is that UAE has mostly expatriate labour force that does not have the typical benefits of employment protection legislation (EPL) available in other national jurisdictions. EPL is a main reason that costs adjustments during decreasing sales is curbed due to the associated costs of firing employees.     

Structural Features of Female Employment Status and Earnings Mobility: The Experience in Germany

Structural changes in basic economic indicators, changes in traditional role patterns, and in female employment behavior shed light on the performance of the European labor markets in the 90s. This paper focuses on the cyclical sensitivity of women's employment status and earnings position in Germany. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) we test the hypothesis that labor market adjustments are not gender-neutral but affect women's employment status and women's relative earnings position to a greater extent than those of men. Cross-sectional as well as longitudinal analysis indicate positive effects on female employment status and earnings position during a period with worsening economic indicators. Logistic regression analysis confirms an increasing likelihood of an upward earnings mobility for women in the 90s. Notwithstanding these positive trends the results show that - due to social norms and attitudes - women are still discriminated against in the labor market and in terms of their relative earnings position. Thus social policy is called upon to improve women's social and employment conditions.     

基于LMDI模型的中国海洋产业就业变化驱动效应测度与机理分析

通过构建就业变化的LMDI分解模型,测度了1990--2011年驱动中国海洋产业就业变化的规模效应、结构效应与技术效应,对海洋产业就业变动的驱动机理进行分析,并研究了中国海洋经济与中国国民经济就业变化的差异.结果表明,海洋产业就业的变化是规模效应、结构效应与技术效应三种因素共同作用的结果.其中规模效应为正向驱动力,而结构效应、技术效应基本上为负向驱动力.因此,应做大做强海洋经济,完善产业结构,发挥科技补偿机制,统筹海陆发展,使海洋产业更有效地吸纳劳动力.     

Robotization and labour dislocation in the manufacturing sectors of OECD countries: a panel VAR approach

Robots are the most important innovation which has affected the production process in the last three decades. Thanks to the latest advances in technology, they have been able to perform an ever-increasing number of tasks, eventually replacing human work within the whole production process. However, because of the scarcity of suitable data, the extent of this potentially disrupting process is not fully assessed. This paper makes up for the lack of empirical evidence on the effect of robotization on labour dislocation using data collected by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) on the number of robots installed in the different manufacturing industries of 16 OECD countries over the period 2011–2016. We show that at the industry level a 1% growth in the number of robots reduces the growth rate of worked hours by 0.16, as well as the selling prices and the real values of the compensations of employees. Moreover, we show that a given sector is more likely to be robotized when it is expanding both in terms of relative prices and employee compensations. We conclude that, at least in the selected countries, the introduction of robots plays a key role in slowing down human labour and compensation growth.     

Maternal employment and childhood obesity in China: evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Using five waves from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), we investigate the association between maternal employment and obesity in children aged 3–17 in both rural and urban China. Using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as measures for paediatric adiposity, we provide scant evidence for its relation to maternal employment. We also find no strong association between maternal employment and our measures for children’s diet and physical activity. Our study also suggests that grand-parenting could have beneficial effects on childhood obesity.     

The geography of public services employment in Europe: concentration or dispersion?

It is widely known that the location of public services generates, directly and indirectly, important economic effects. The objective of this article is to examine the spatial distribution of employment in public services in 124 European regions in order to detect the existence of some pattern of spatial location. To do so we employ various exploratory spatial analysis techniques, such as the calculation of the Moran's I and the Geary's C statistics. The results obtained highlight the existence of remarkable differences among the European regions, and more concretely between the Scandinavian and the Mediterranean regions, differences that deserve further study.