当代大学生就业心理问题的表现与对策

就业是当代大学生人生的重大转折。近年来,我国的大学生就业形势日益严峻,导致我国大学生就业压力的不断增大,在大学生面对巨大的就业压力时,他们中很多人都普遍出现了诸如缺乏自信、紧张焦虑、自暴自弃等等消极的心理。这些心理问题不仅严重的影响大学生的顺利就业而且也严重危害大学生的心理健康。因此如何应对当代大学生因就业问题而引发的心理问题就显得格外重要,它不仅是解决大学生就业问题的关键,也关系到大学生自身的长远发展和社会的稳定。     

Are costs really sticky? Evidence from publicly listed companies in the UAE

This article measures the degree of adjustment between operating revenues and costs for publicly listed companies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Traditional cost models assume that variable costs change proportionally in response to an upward or downward fluctuation in demand. However, in recent years, such an assumption has been questioned by a variety of papers from the economics and accounting fields. Typically, cost stickiness is defined as costs decreasing by less than 1% when sales decrease by 1%, while reacting closer to the proportion of change when sales increase. This study, unlike the vast majority of the literature, did not find cost stickiness in the UAE after using panel data regression analysis. The main explanation is that UAE has mostly expatriate labour force that does not have the typical benefits of employment protection legislation (EPL) available in other national jurisdictions. EPL is a main reason that costs adjustments during decreasing sales is curbed due to the associated costs of firing employees.     

Structural Features of Female Employment Status and Earnings Mobility: The Experience in Germany

Structural changes in basic economic indicators, changes in traditional role patterns, and in female employment behavior shed light on the performance of the European labor markets in the 90s. This paper focuses on the cyclical sensitivity of women's employment status and earnings position in Germany. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) we test the hypothesis that labor market adjustments are not gender-neutral but affect women's employment status and women's relative earnings position to a greater extent than those of men. Cross-sectional as well as longitudinal analysis indicate positive effects on female employment status and earnings position during a period with worsening economic indicators. Logistic regression analysis confirms an increasing likelihood of an upward earnings mobility for women in the 90s. Notwithstanding these positive trends the results show that - due to social norms and attitudes - women are still discriminated against in the labor market and in terms of their relative earnings position. Thus social policy is called upon to improve women's social and employment conditions.     

基于LMDI模型的中国海洋产业就业变化驱动效应测度与机理分析

通过构建就业变化的LMDI分解模型,测度了1990--2011年驱动中国海洋产业就业变化的规模效应、结构效应与技术效应,对海洋产业就业变动的驱动机理进行分析,并研究了中国海洋经济与中国国民经济就业变化的差异.结果表明,海洋产业就业的变化是规模效应、结构效应与技术效应三种因素共同作用的结果.其中规模效应为正向驱动力,而结构效应、技术效应基本上为负向驱动力.因此,应做大做强海洋经济,完善产业结构,发挥科技补偿机制,统筹海陆发展,使海洋产业更有效地吸纳劳动力.     

Robotization and labour dislocation in the manufacturing sectors of OECD countries: a panel VAR approach

Robots are the most important innovation which has affected the production process in the last three decades. Thanks to the latest advances in technology, they have been able to perform an ever-increasing number of tasks, eventually replacing human work within the whole production process. However, because of the scarcity of suitable data, the extent of this potentially disrupting process is not fully assessed. This paper makes up for the lack of empirical evidence on the effect of robotization on labour dislocation using data collected by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) on the number of robots installed in the different manufacturing industries of 16 OECD countries over the period 2011–2016. We show that at the industry level a 1% growth in the number of robots reduces the growth rate of worked hours by 0.16, as well as the selling prices and the real values of the compensations of employees. Moreover, we show that a given sector is more likely to be robotized when it is expanding both in terms of relative prices and employee compensations. We conclude that, at least in the selected countries, the introduction of robots plays a key role in slowing down human labour and compensation growth.     

Maternal employment and childhood obesity in China: evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Using five waves from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), we investigate the association between maternal employment and obesity in children aged 3–17 in both rural and urban China. Using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as measures for paediatric adiposity, we provide scant evidence for its relation to maternal employment. We also find no strong association between maternal employment and our measures for children’s diet and physical activity. Our study also suggests that grand-parenting could have beneficial effects on childhood obesity.     

The geography of public services employment in Europe: concentration or dispersion?

It is widely known that the location of public services generates, directly and indirectly, important economic effects. The objective of this article is to examine the spatial distribution of employment in public services in 124 European regions in order to detect the existence of some pattern of spatial location. To do so we employ various exploratory spatial analysis techniques, such as the calculation of the Moran's I and the Geary's C statistics. The results obtained highlight the existence of remarkable differences among the European regions, and more concretely between the Scandinavian and the Mediterranean regions, differences that deserve further study.     

经济增长视角下我国城镇职工工资与就业的动态效应分析

促进就业对实现社会稳定发展起到至关重要的作用。面对经济增长时期就业情况的变化,本文根据1978-2011年我国城镇职工的统计数据,建立了基于经济增长的工资与就业之间的变参数动态模型-状态空间模型,给出了工资与就业的动态效应分析。研究结果表明：工资与就业存在长期均衡关系;工资对就业的影响经历了“负相关-不相关-正相关”的动态演变过程;经济增长对就业的影响一直是正相关的,且2000年以后对就业的影响程度大于工资对就业的影响。     

省会城市的农村劳动力转移就业承载能力研究

随着城市化进程的加快、城镇人口的增加、城市规模的迅速扩张,资源消耗不断增多,环境污染日益加重,城市综合承载力对劳动力流动的瓶颈约束作用逐渐凸显,尤其经济相对发达的省会城市.因此,如何协调省会城市的可持续发展与劳动力承载数量之间的关系,便成为当今社会各界普遍关注的焦点.     

Extending Business Education Beyond Traditional Boundaries: A Case Study in Negotiated Problem Resolution in a Remote Regional Indigenous Community in Australia

It is widely accepted that the concepts and practices of management can only be of benefit when they are anchored to the contextual architecture of people, processes, structures, and technologies. The challenge of establishing a bridging program for providing managerial competencies to Australian Indigenous people has become a serious one for multinational mining companies. As the wings of globalization interact with the long-ignored reality of marginalized local milieu, a need for an innovative management education system has become a major imperative compelling multinational mining companies to work collaboratively with the government, educational institutions, and Indigenous communities. The article outlines a specific decision-making dilemma in an Indigenous context, while explaining the imperatives for educators, who have the challenging task of instructing potential graduates how to manage the unique contextuality of rural Australian Aboriginal communities. The article presents implications for large-scale modern multinationals as they move to geographically remote regions of the world where large number of marginalized local people need to be drawn into the workforce not only as an act of a social responsibility imperative, but also as sound business pragmatism.