Economic Potential of Biomass Based Fuels for Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation

Use of biofuels diminishes fossil fuelcombustion thereby also reducing net greenhousegas emissions. However, subsidies are neededto make agricultural biofuel productioneconomically feasible. To explore the economicpotential of biofuels in a greenhouse gasmitigation market, we incorporate data onproduction and biofuel processing for thedesignated energy crops switchgrass, hybridpoplar, and willow in an U.S. AgriculturalSector Model along with data on traditionalcrop-livestock production and processing, andafforestation of cropland. Net emissioncoefficients on all included agriculturalpractices are estimated through crop growthsimulation models or taken from the literature. Potential emission mitigation policies ormarkets are simulated via hypothetical carbonprices. At each carbon price level, theAgricultural Sector Model computes the newmarket equilibrium, revealing agriculturalcommodity prices, regionally specificproduction, input use, and welfare levels,environmental impacts, and adoption ofalternative management practices such asbiofuel production. Results indicate no rolefor biofuels below carbon prices of $40 perton of carbon equivalent. At these incentivelevels, emission reductions via reduced soiltillage and afforestation are more costefficient. For carbon prices above $70,biofuels dominate all other agriculturalmitigation strategies.     

基于能值分析的江苏生态经济系统发展态势及持续发展对策

能值分析方法可同时定量研究生态经济系统中环境资源与经济活动的真实价值，因而对合理评估区域经济发展水平、制订正确的社会经济发展对策具有十分重要的意义。文章运用能值分析方法对江苏生态经济系统的发展现状及近20年来的发展态势进行了定量分析，并提出实现江苏生态经济系统持续发展的对策建议。     

基于循环经济理论的建筑节能研究

建筑节能是贯彻国家可持续发展战略的重要组成部分,循环经济理论将为我国建筑节能政策提供良好的思路.文章在分析循环经济理论基本内涵的基础上,分析循环经济理论对我国建筑节能工作的指导意义,并结合当前我国建筑节能现状及其存在的问题,根据“十一五“规划目标,提出新时期我国建筑节能对策.     

民用建筑循环冷却水系统设计的探讨

文章对多年来在民用建筑循环冷却水系统设计、运行中碰到的一些问题,提出在设计时应注意的事项及所需要采取的措施。     

中国保险业的合谋倾向强度:一个理论分析框架

从结构、需求与信息三个维度构建了一个产业合谋倾向强度理论分析框架，并用该框架分析了我国保险业的合谋强度。研究认为，我国保险业合谋强度比较大。     

油价上涨对世界经济的影响及中国能源政策选择

油价上涨给世界经济带来很大影响,引发了经济危机、加重了西方国家的财政负担和生产成本、加大了非产油国家的进口成本。高油价也给航空、速递等一些运输行业造成沉重负担,油价上涨的最终承担者是消费者。油价不断上涨促使各国调整能源结构,高油价给石油输出国带来丰厚收益的同时也带来一些负面影响,如腐败、暴力冲突、战争等。油价上涨要求中国大幅提高能源利用率,采用多元化能源战略,尽快建立国家石油战略储备,加强能源领域国际合作。     

A Spatial Structural Decomposition Analysis of Chinese and Japanese Energy Demand: 1985–1990

This paper proposes a spatial structural decomposition analysis to measure the effects of the changes in intra- and inter-country linkages on the embodied energy demand in the concerned country. For the empirical analysis, we have used the China- Japan inter-country input–output tables for 1985 and 1990, expressed in constant prices of 1990. The empirical results reveal that (1) at least for the period between 1985 and 1990, the effects of the non-competitive input structural changes in China on the primary energy requirements of Japan were negligible, and (2) the contribution of the Japanese final demand shifts on the total change in Chinese primary energy demand was 40 times larger than that of the Chinese final demand shifts on the primary energy requirements of Japan. The Japanese policy makers should concentrate on the energy impacts of the changes in the domestic production structure rather than the changes in the Chinese production structure.     

Does Increased Extraction of Natural Gas Reduce Carbon Emissions?

Without an international climate agreement, extraction of more natural gas could reduce emissions of CO₂ as more clean natural gas may drive out dirty coal and oil. Using a computable equilibrium model for the Western European electricity and natural gas markets, we examine whether increased extraction of natural gas in Norway reduces global emissions of CO₂. We find that both in the short run and in the long run total emissions are reduced if the additional quantity of natural gas is used in gas power production in Norway. If instead the additional quantity is exported directly, total emissions increase both in the short run and in the long run. However, if modest CO₂-taxes are imposed, increased extraction of natural gas will reduce CO₂ emissions also when the additional natural gas is exported directed.earlier version of this paper was presented at the 25th Annual IAEE International Conference in Aberdeen June 2002.     

水运交通节能效益评估

本文核算了1985～2000年我国内河水路货运交通的节能量,以及由此减排的主要大气污染物量。并通过合适的环境经济方法将节能物理量转化为货币量。结果表明:(1)相对于1980年我国水运能耗水平,1985～2000年我国水路货运业每年直接节约油品6200～9200吨,折合货币量1900万～2800万元;(2)若相对于汽车运输,我国水运每年直接节约油品9万～12万吨,折合2.5亿～3.2亿元。若从开源系统考虑,万元节约油品、减排污染物以及由此获得的经济收益量是其直接值的1.17～1.09倍。     

面向现代化大学建筑的空调系统节能技术

建筑节能一直都是世界各国所关注的焦点问题之一。在整个建筑系统中，空调系统的能耗尤为突出，约占整个建筑能耗的35％以上，因此研究空调系统的节能方案具有重要的社会意义和巨大的经济效益。通过对浙江大学紫金港校区现有空调系统设计、运行的调查分析，针对大学校园建筑的特点，就空调系统中节能技术推广和运用等问题进行了讨论。