我国建筑节能现状分析

通过对我国建筑节能现状分析,研究我国目前在建筑节能方面存在的主要问题,提出建筑节能的可行性途径。     

黄河中上游能源化工区产业结构的演进特征及机理

采用产业经济学、计量经济学、统计学和GIS中的相关方法和技术,定量评价黄河中上游能源化工区产业结构演进的特征。刻画黄河中上游产业结构演进的总体特征,运用偏离—份额分析法分析三次产业及其内部结构演进的数量特征,利用产业相似系数等产业结构指标计算分析制造业内部结构的动态演进特征,并结合区位商和产业比重探究区域经济快速发展的内在机制。最后,归纳出黄河中上游能源化工区产业结构演进的主要驱动力是资源禀赋优势、市场需求拉动和政府政策引导,并针对性地提出"优化第二产业结构,保证第一产业发展,重点扶持第三产业"的对策。     

技术进步与区域能源需求——基于省际数据的实证分析

本文利用数据包络分析（DEA）测算了1995年～2007年中国29个省（自治区、直辖市）Malmquist生产率指数,将全要素生产率（TFP）作为度量技术进步的指标,在此基础上,运用面板数据检验了技术进步对区域能源需求的影响。结果表明,不管是东部地区还是中部和西部地区,技术进步均对能源需求有显著负效应;技术进步对降低能源需求的作用表现出东部最高、中部次之、西部最低的特点。各个地区不同的经济基础、能源资源禀赋和对外开放度可能是造成该现象的主要原因。     

考虑环境因素的中国电力能源效率测度与改进

在界定全要素电力能源效率概念的基础上,构建了考虑环境因素的非径向全要素电力能源效率DEA模型。利用相关数据,从省际、区域两个层面对我国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的电力能源效率进行测度分析。结果显示:在全国30个省(自治区、直辖市)中,只有14个省区的电力能源效率是有效的,且这些省区不存在电力节能潜力;北京、天津、上海三大城市的平均电力能源效率最高,西部地区的该均值最低;我国省际电力能源效率存在显著的区域性差距,且4大区域的电力能源效率存在一定的梯度差距;对省区进行投入、产出调整,可使全国的电力消费量缩减6309.08亿千瓦小时。最后提出提高我国电力能源效率的政策建议。     

低碳经济背景下石化型城市可持续发展思考——以国家重要能源基地茂名为例

石化型工业城市发展低碳经济,既是大势所趋,同时也任重道远。其低碳经济发展问题,是一个非常敏感的课题,同时也是和谐社会建设进程中一个重大而又特殊的问题。从低碳经济背景下石化型城市可持续发展的重要性、挑战、路径等加以探讨,以期为同类地区低碳经济发展提供参考。     

The rhetorical fantasy of energy transitions: implications for energy policy and analysis

This article explores the rhetoric of four energy transitions. It begins by summarising research on the intersection of fantasy, technology and the sociology of expectation. It then looks at how ideas of progress, modernity, cheapness, abundance and hope influence the way society perceives new energy technologies, causing them to overestimate benefits and underestimate challenges. Our rhetorical analysis finds in case studies of steam engines, gasoline automobiles, hydroelectric dams and nuclear reactors that newly ‘discovered’ sources of energy or newly invented technologies are always assumed to provide infinitely abundant energy and to have the potential to create positive utopian changes in society. We conclude by noting the salient implications of these rhetorical themes for energy planners, analysts and scholars.     

Trading spaces: Calculating embodied Ecological Footprints in international trade using a Product Land Use Matrix (PLUM)

Nations import and export biophysical resources. With many ecosystems worldwide under mounting stress, countries may be increasingly interested in knowing the extent and origin of their ecological imports and dependencies. In this paper the Ecological Footprint is used as a tool to measure the biophysical (as opposed to financial) value of international trade flows. This paper attempts to answer the following question: How large of an Ecological Footprint does a given country exert inside the borders of each of its trading partners? Records in the UN COMTRADE bilateral trade database are multiplied by a matrix of per-product Footprint yield coefficients to translate from values in dollars and tonnes to units of hectares. The results show that the largest interregional flows are from Latin to North America, and from North America to Asia-Pacific. Grouping countries by GDP, high and middle income countries appear in Footprint terms to trade predominantly with other high and middle income countries and much less with low income countries.     

Land use change, biomass production and HANPP: The case of Hungary 1961-2005

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the human appropriation of aboveground net primary production (aHANPP) in Hungary in the years 1961-2005. In this period aboveground HANPP dropped from 67% to 49% of the potential vegetation's NPP. The trajectory was not smooth, but aboveground HANPP fluctuated with changes in factors affecting agricultural production conditions. Both aboveground net primary production (aNPP) of the prevailing vegetation and harvested aNPP increased during the socialist regime, dropped when the system collapsed and has shown considerable fluctuations since. We discuss the development of aboveground HANPP and the Hungarian land use system in the context of socioeconomic changes during three distinct phases: (1) industrialisation of agriculture (1961-1989), (2) regime collapse (1989-1993) and (3) restructuring of a new economy (1993-2005). Within these periods, different driving factors influenced aboveground HANPP and its constituents. In the phase of industrialisation, mechanisation and agrochemical inputs reduced aHANPP while harvested amounts of biomass increased progressively. In the second phase, political and economic circumstances devastated production conditions resulting in a decline of productivity of actual vegetation and a temporary rise in aboveground HANPP. During the last twelve years, industrialisation patterns of agricultural production recovered. The restructuring of inefficient agricultural production systems raised harvest at moderate levels of agricultural inputs, while climatic conditions intimidated high yield and harvest security. The paper discusses the effect of different economic and political regimes and of major socioeconomic restructuring on the development of the land use system, biomass production and aboveground HANPP.     

计及外部性的储能系统价值测算及经济性评估

以应用在电力系统中的电储能系统为研究对象,以外部性理论为基础,构建了计及外部性的储能系统经济性测算模型,并以储能系统接入光伏电站为例,采用贴现现金流分析方法,预估储能投资成本和收益,分别从投资者角度和社会整体效益角度,来研究储能系统应用在可再生能源发电侧的经济性,并进行了盈亏平衡分析。通过盈亏平衡曲线分析了储能盈亏平衡情景,经济性分析结果显示储能系统的外部性收益占年收益比例较大。     

环境会计在能源类企业中的应用分析

企业是国家经济发展的主要推动力量,但是也是造成环境污染的恶首罪魁,尤其是能源类企业,更是环境的高伤害企业,对于环境保护负有不可推卸的重大责任。在能源类企业中推行环境会计实施具有划时代的意义,将其环境成本纳入企业会计核算体系之中,对环境成本进行科学合理的确认和计量,管理和控制企业的环境资源,是能源类企业走可持续发展的必由之路。