Social protection for enhanced food security in sub-Saharan Africa

This paper identifies several positive synergies between social protection programmes and enhanced entitlements to food. One function of social protection is to manage or reduce vulnerability. Several instruments are reviewed – weather-indexed insurance, public works programmes, emergency food aid and buffer stock management – which aim to stabilise income and access to food across good and bad years, or between the harvest and the hungry season. Other social protection instruments aim to raise household income and crop production, for instance agricultural input subsidies or input trade fairs, as well as public works projects that construct or maintain physical infrastructure such as rural feeder roads. This paper also argues that entitlements to food can be strengthened if social justice principles are introduced to the design and delivery of social protection programmes. Examples reviewed include rights-based approaches such as employment guarantee schemes, community-based targeting and demand-driven accountability mechanisms. The paper concludes by arguing for a comprehensive approach to social protection that will achieve sustainable food security, by combining interventions that stabilise income or food production with those that raise income or food production, and are designed and delivered in ways that enhance social justice.     

一起突发性地表水环境污染监测案例的分析与思考

针对发生在石家庄灵寿县境内的一起突发性地表水环境污染事件,介绍了石家庄市环境监测中心采取的现场勘查、监测、采样和处置等应急处理措施,就建立科学的应急监测管理机制提出建议:1)加强河流跨界交汇断面的监测;2)提高地表水生物监测技术水平;3)组建一支专业的污染事件应急监测队伍。     

环境规制、技术创新与产业结构升级

本文利用我国30个省市1998～2013年的数据构建面板门槛模型,对环境规制、技术创新与产业结构升级之间的关系进行实证分析。研究结果表明：环境规制对产业结构升级的影响存在显著的环境规制程度和技术创新水平的双门槛效应,进一步分析发现产业结构升级是以技术创新为前提的,若无法有效的激励企业进行技术创新,而单纯依靠强化环境规制来实现产业结构升级是不可持续的。     

Revisiting the role of the environment in the capabilities–financial performance relationship: A meta‐analysis

Within the capabilities‐based view of the firm, there is debate about the relative importance of ordinary and dynamic capabilities for firm performance and about the extent to which their performance effects are contingent on environmental conditions. We meta‐analyze 115 studies to investigate the relationship between both ordinary and dynamic capabilities and the financial performance of firms in relatively stable versus changing environments. The results suggest that the performance effects of both types of capabilities are positive and similar in magnitude. Environmental dynamism reinforces the effects of both ordinary and dynamic capabilities. Furthermore, the two types of capabilities are closely associated. Our findings provide support for a moderate capabilities‐based view of the firm, rather than one that considers dynamic capabilities as superior to ordinary ones. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance deviations and acquisition premiums: The impact of CEO celebrity on managerial risk‐taking

Research summary: This article draws on identity control theory and a study of acquisition premiums to explore how CEO celebrity status and financial performance relative to aspirations affect firm risk behavior. The study finds that celebrity CEOs tend to pay smaller premiums for target firms, but these tendencies change when prior firm performance deviates from the industry average returns, thereby leading these CEOs to pay higher premiums. The study also finds that the premiums tend to be even larger when celebrity CEOs have more recently attained celebrity status. Taken together, these findings contribute to identity control theory and CEO celebrity literatures by suggesting that celebrity status is a double‐edged sword and that the internalization of celebrity status by CEOs strongly influences the decision‐making of CEOs. Managerial summary: The purpose of this article is to examine how CEO celebrity status and financial performance relative to aspirations affect the size of acquisition premiums. The study finds that celebrity CEOs tend to pay smaller premiums for target firms. However, when celebrity CEOs' prior firm performance is either better or worse than the industry average, these CEOs pay higher premiums. This situation is exacerbated when the CEO has only recently been crowned a celebrity. In effect, these CEOs feel great pressure to match the inflated performance expectations that come with celebrity status. These findings suggest that being a celebrity is a double‐edged sword. The implication here is that CEOs who have recently been crowned a celebrity should be aware of these pressures and cope accordingly. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国软件外包承接城市效率评价与驱动因素研究

就 业问题、环境污染以及从业人员研发能力下降已经成为制约软件外包承接城市发展的瓶颈问 题。文章运用DEA方法构建考虑非期望产出和非合意变量的软件外包承接效率评价模型,重 点比较不同模型下我国软件外包承接城市效率的差异,并引入Tobit回归分析软件外包承接 城市效率的驱动因素。研究发现：我国软件外包承接城市的投入产出组合在逐步优化,且东 部沿海城市的效率值明显优于中西部城市,其中大连市的效率值始终为1,处于生产的前沿 面。另外,人才竞争力对软件外包承接城市效率有显著的正向影响,信息技术基础设施竞争力与承接效率的关系呈显著负相关。     

论高层建筑剪力墙中连梁设计的几个问题

剪力墙是一种抵抗侧向力的单元,它可以组成完全由剪力墙抵抗侧力的剪力墙结构,也可以和框架组成框架-剪力墙结构。文章对高层建筑中的剪力墙截面设计以及构造作了简单介绍。     

天津景观水体富营养化综合评价

2009年9月对津河设置了13个取样点,进行采样,根据水体理化指标对津河水质状况进行了生物学评价,并依据总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、透明度(SD)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、叶绿素a(chla)综合评价水体的营养状态。结果表明,目前津河总氮、总磷、化学需氧量等主要指标均超标,整体处于重度富营养化状态。分析了津河富营养化的主要成因,并提出了保护津河水质的相关措施及建议。     

生态旅游与有机农业相结合的环境保护价值

生态环境保护既是一个环境问题也是一个经济问题,更是与区域可持续发展紧密结合的全球性问题。生态旅游是旅游可持续发展的制高点,有机农业是农业可持续发展的制高点,两者结合具有相得益彰的环境保护价值,可有效地解决以往生态环境保护与发展经济之间的矛盾,促进生态、农村经济和社会效益的协同发展。     

浅析房地产项目环境影响评价中的公众参与

公众参与是环境影响评价的重要组成部分,本文针对房地产环评的特殊性,着重分析了房地产环评中公众参与存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了几点提高公众参与效力的建议。