Software for Learning and for Doing Statistics

The community of statisticians and statistics educators should take responsibility for the evaluation and improvement of software quality from the perspective of education. The paper will develop a perspective, an ideal system of requirements to critically evaluate existing software and to produce future software more adequate both for learning and doing statistics in introductory courses. Different kinds of tools and microworlds are needed. After discussing general requirements for such programs, a prototypical ideal software system will be presented in detail. It will be illustrated how such a system could be used to construct learning environments and to support elementary data analysis with exploratory working style.     

技术站运输分析管理信息系统设计

在对我国铁路技术站运输分析手段和管理信息资源进行分析的基础上,提出技术站运输分析管理信息系统的设计,充分利用和整合技术站铁路运输管理信息系统(TMIS)和办公自动化网络等信息资源,实现统计工作自动化、分析工作网络化和车站作业组织的动态模拟,准确、即时地分析车站运输生产情况,挖掘潜能,为决策提供适时、可靠的依据,适应运输市场的快速变化。     

Institutional design and the closure of public facilities in transition economies

As part of the reforms of their systems for financing and delivering health care, many transition economies, particularly in central and eastern Europe, have adopted national insurance funds that are institutionally separate from ministries of health. Most of these countries have also grappled with the problem of restructuring the delivery system, especially the need to reduce hospital capacity. Although improving the performance of medical care providers through a shift from passive budgeting to explicitly incentive mechanisms is important, why this change in financial relations between the government and providers could not be implemented simply by reforming the role of health ministries is not obvious. This paper presents an explicit rationale for the separation of powers between the regulator (the ministry of health) and the financing body (the insurance fund), based on the inability of a single agency to commit to closing hospitals. JEL classification: L51, P20, P35, I18.     

桥梁病害对桥梁设计的启示分析

现阶段,随着社会经济的飞速发展,道路基础设施的建设速度逐渐加快。同时,随着各种各样桥梁病害问题的出现,对桥梁的承载能力造成了一定程度的影响。因此,及时防治桥梁病害有助于保障桥梁的安全性。论文结合某危桥改造项目,对桥梁的病害展开研讨,对病害的产生原因进行分析,并提供实用性的桥梁设计应对方法,以保证桥梁的耐久性与安全性。     

Robustness to the unavailability of data in block designs

We present general results for finding or boundingt _maxB , the maximum number of arbitrary whole blocks of observations which can be removed from a block design, and still leave all of the elementary treatment contrasts estimable. The block sizes may be larger than the number of treatments. The results are applied to BBDs, reinforced BIBDs and BBDs, BTIBDs, and a series of variance balanced incomplete block designs with two block sizes. Also given for most of these designs, are results fort _max, the maximum number of arbitrary, scattered observations that can become unavailable, and still leave all of the elementary treatment contrasts estimable.The work was undertaken while Dr. Whittinghill was visiting Ohio State University, and supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences Division, Colby College, Waterville, Maine.     

浅谈工程项目投资的全过程控制

章简述了工程项目投资全过程控制的原理，以及各阶段对工程项目投资控制所起的作用和控制的方法。在工程建设中投资控制应注意抓住投资决策控制和设计控制，它们是工程项目投资的全过程控制的关键性环节。     

国际工程设计与承包市场的相关性分析

依据1995～2004年美国《ENR》杂志公布的数据，运用SPSS软件从国家、地区以及全球的角度，对国际工程设计营业额与工程承包营业额的相关性进行了定量分析，并对分析的结果作了相应的解释。中还结合我国(除港澳台外)国际工程设计和承包市场相关性的特点，提出了发展我国国际工程设计与承包业的建议。     

风景道的规划设计:以鄂尔多斯风景道为例

文章首先简述了国外风景道规划设计的发展,然后对在中国发展风景道的特殊意义,以及国内已进行的风景道实践探索和理论提升进行了论述,并从总体理念与原则、目标与形象定位、景观及植物配置、游憩服务设施、交通和信息标示系统、声音景观设计等方面对鄂尔多斯风景道规划设计进行了较为详细的阐述,最后对我国风景道实践和理论的发展提出了建议.     

浅谈传统文化与艺术设计

平面设计是利用视觉图像、符号来传达意图的设计形式,由于表现方式限于于平面,只通过视觉认知传达,因此有一定的局限性,但并不是说平面设计所表达的内容会因此减少和单薄,相反,在有限的表达方式下却能传达出丰富多彩,变幻莫测的意义.如果完全背离传统艺术形式,一味模仿西方的现代艺术,惟西方现代艺术马首是瞻,简单地挪用西方现代艺术形式,将使我们的艺术丧失民族的个性.     

主导设计:市场进入壁垒理论新范式

在经济全球一体化趋势下,主导设计作为决定与控制市场进入壁垒的根源性壁垒,成为市场进入壁垒的新范式.为此,在当今新技术和新兴产业不断涌现的技术经济规范转换期,及时较早进入新技术系统,形成自我支持的技术体系和市场支撑网络,是后进企业和后起国摆脱大型跨国公司控制,成功实施进入跨越和实现赶超的根本路径和机会窗口.