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51.
We investigate the effect of Islamist terrorist activity on women's legal position in society, using data for 171 countries between 1970 and 2016. To identify causal effects, we exploit the prevalence of Islamist terrorism in neighboring countries as an exogenous source of variation, arguing that regional terrorism affects local terrorism through contagion effects. We show that increased activity by Islamist terrorist groups is linked to lower legal status of women. By contrast, we find that neither Islam per se nor other types of terrorism have comparable effects. This reinforces the notion that Islamist terrorism is singularly interested and effective in weakening women's rights. Our results are consistent with a rational-economic model of terrorism, where Islamist terrorists purposefully use violence to maximize political utility, while governments make concessions that constrain the role of women because the costs of compliance are lower than the harm from continued Islamist terrorism. 相似文献
52.
This editorial addresses one of the greatest challenges of our time—racial inequality. Logistics and supply chain management (SCM) factor prominently in people’s everyday experiences, as consumers of products and logistics services as well as through participation in logistics and supply chain workforces. These everyday experiences can be quite disparate depending on one’s race. As academics, we have a responsibility to peel back the layers of how these issues of race and diversity impact and interact with supply chain phenomena. This editorial is intended to bolster conversation around these issues. We identify compelling themes that merit consideration and, perhaps, deeper investigation, including race as an individual difference variable in our research, race in SCM talent and leadership, and race and racism in SCM execution. We also call for more research that addresses racial inclusion and equal access in other aspects of SCM in light of its far-reaching influence in the realms of business and society. The time has come to address these pervasive issues affecting organizations and individuals. We also introduce the articles appearing in the current issue of the journal. 相似文献
53.
公平和效率是社会主义的两大价值目标,公平是社会主义的核心价值和首选目标.没有公平就没有社会主义,更没有社会主义现代化的顺利实现.以公平促效率是中国现代化的理性选择.我们应坚定不移地维护社会公平,避免贫富悬殊过大和两极分化. 相似文献
54.
任红梅 《广西财经学院学报》2011,24(5):46-49,61
税收的合法性是税务行政的依据。现代行政是民主行政,参与、平等、协商等民主思想逐渐影响着人们的税收生活。税务行政领域中急需一种能够指导行政主体双方的理念以及依此构建的一系列机制。税务行政中引入合作理念能够使征税主体与纳税主体之间的对抗关系变为合作信任关系,对服务型政府建设理论的创新和建立现代和谐税收关系理论意义重大。 相似文献
55.
Guided by the role congruity theory (RCT), this paper examines the mismatch in female-leader role stereotypes and how this mismatch may lead to prejudicial evaluations against female leaders. It also tests how gender equality practices and leadership development programmes (LDPs) may mitigate prejudicial evaluations against female leaders. Following a quantitative approach, this study uses a paired sample t-test and linear approach (i.e. multiple regression) to model the relationships and test the hypotheses formulated. Drawing on a survey of 392 employees working in 4- and 5-star hotels in Jordan, the study shows that employees stereotype successful leaders to be more masculine than feminine while they attribute both feminine and masculine stereotypes to women. There is, thus, an element of congruity in female-leader role stereotypes which reduces prejudicial evaluations against female leaders. Moreover, the results indicate that gender equality practices and LDPs significantly enhance the emergence and effectiveness of women leaders. The importance of this study derives from extending the RCT through a contextual investigation in the hotel sector in Jordan. This was done by considering two additional constructs, i.e. gender equality practices and LDPs that mitigate prejudice against female leaders. 相似文献
56.
由于死亡具有不可预测性和不可规避性,跳出社会救济范畴,通过精算将遗属津贴纳入社会保险体系成为发达国家的普遍做法。遗属保险不仅保障了遗属的基本生活,还很好地推进了性别平等。中国社会保障制度尚未将遗属生活保障完整地架构在社会保险体系之中。上海,作为中国经济最发达的城市,在两性预期寿命日趋拉大的情况下,有条件也有必要尽快试行遗属保险制度。 相似文献
57.
58.
《Socio》2019
In business facilities such as theaters, restaurants, stadiums, and etc., anecdotal evidences suggest that waiting lines for women's restrooms are longer than those for men's. Respectively, there have been growing concerns on ensuring restrooms in business facilities to be equally convenient for both women and men. This issue not only relates to gender equality, but also relates to business performance, since restroom experience directly affects performance efficiency (e.g., revenues, repeat sales, asset turnover, service times, and etc.). Nonetheless, current codes and legislations for designing restrooms in business facilities are not based on objective analyses but on the survey of experts that may be male biased. In this study, we develop a quantitative model using queueing theory and simulations to evaluate the waiting time for restrooms. Using our model, we compare the waiting times between women and men to examine if the current codes and legislations provide equal access. Our analysis reveals that the current standard specified by the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) still fails to achieve equal access. The methods demonstrated in this study may serve as a basis for design of restrooms in business facilities and improve both gender equality and performance efficiency in business facilities. 相似文献
59.
基于以往经典文献的重要研究结论,总结出政府在财政支出配置过程中必须符合的三个基本原则:效率性、公共性和平等性.通过对三个基本原则的深入分析,发现三者之间并不是相互独立的,在本质上效率性、公共性和平等性是相辅相成、辩证统一的.首先,效率性是财政支出配置的前提条件,因为政府的财政资源是非常稀缺的,如果在配置公共资源的过程中没有符合经济效率,那是对公民税收的恣意挥霍.其次,公共性是财政支出配置的政治基础,由于政府机构的行政低效和官僚的腐败猖獗,所以必须通过一种能够反映公民意志的政治程序才能约束政府的利维坦行为.最后,平等性成为财政支出配置的道德保障,它将让任何一个弱势群体享受到公共财政带来的普惠. 相似文献
60.
通过回顾现有文献,梳理了包容性增长的提出和倡导背景、内涵本质、实现对策,以及包容性增长的度量和实证量化研究及其具体应用。研究表明,从具体的应用领域和行业层面切入进行深度研究,进而在度量方法方面有所突破,探寻经验证据并提出具有针对性和可操作性的政策建议,是包容性增长研究可行的方向,可以推动包容性增长的践行。 相似文献