我国房产税试点的经济伦理意蕴

上海和重庆试行的房产税政策体现了公平正义、社会责任、义利关系的经济伦理意蕴。首先，房产税有利于降低房价，调节收入分配差距，实现公平正义；其次，房产税可以稳定我国各级政府的税收来源，使其更好地承担社会责任；最后，通过房产税政策，有利于购房者形成理性的住房消费观，规范开发商的投机行为，杜绝各级政府权力寻租的发生。此外，社会法治环境的完善也是包括房地产市场在内诸多市场良性发展的重要保障。     

TRAFFIC LIGHTS: WEAPONS OF MASS DISTRACTION,DANGER AND DELAY

Since my 2006 article in Economic Affairs proposing traffic system reform, there has been a growing interest in the subject. Trials in deregulation have produced the results that students of the subject predicted – congestion‐free roads and sociable interaction between road‐users.     

The effects of relationships and justification in an interdependent allocation task

Two factors, the type of relationship between the involved parties and the justification of the decision maker for being in his or her position, are predicted to influence resource allocation decisions. These predictions are based on a synthesis of several forces, including self-interest, a politeness norm, and a norm of reciprocity, that we argue underlie the selection of allocation norms that guide interdependent resource allocation decisions. An ultimatum bargaining game, in which player 1 divides a resource ($10) and player 2 decides to either reject or accept this division, is employed in a laboratory study to test the hypotheses. For subjects in the player 1 position, subjects with friends as player 2 or those assigned to their position randomly allocated lower amounts of money to themselves than did subjects with strangers as player 2 or those who earned their position. Friends in the player 2 position demanded significantly less to reach an agreement than strangers. These and other results are discussed in terms of the various allocation norms, particularly equity and equality, that appeared to influence subjects' decisions.     

构建和谐社会缩小我国城镇居民贫富差距之策

随着社会主义市场经济体制改革不断深入以及经济转轨过程中机制不断完善,我国经济得到迅速发展,但居民收入差距却出现了日益扩大趋势。城镇贫富差距扩大不仅直接关系到人民生活水平,而且影响社会稳定和经济建康发展,成为制约我国改革和发展的障碍。为此,政府应该从新的视角入手,充分认识政府应充当的角色和应承担的责任,采取有效措施控制并缩小城乡贫富差距,对于维护社会稳定、全面建设和谐社会具有重大现实意义。     

包容性发展:困境与选择

包容性发展就是那种能够兼顾人与自然、人与人的关系,实现两种关系的正和博弈,同时恰当地把握现在与未来之间均衡的发展。它要求一是在人与自然的关系维度上,寻求经济增长与环境保护的统一;二是在人与人的关系维度上,增长和发展的成果必须为所有社会成员所分享,一部分人的状况得到改善不能以牺牲另一部分人的利益为代价;三是在资源配置和收益分配方面,必须维持资源和发展成果在同代人之间的可共享性;四是必须在当代人同后代人之间实现资源和收益上的均衡和兼顾,不能以牺牲后代人发展的机会和能力为代价来满足当代人的需要。     

试论财政支出配置的基本原则

基于以往经典文献的重要研究结论,总结出政府在财政支出配置过程中必须符合的三个基本原则:效率性、公共性和平等性.通过对三个基本原则的深入分析,发现三者之间并不是相互独立的,在本质上效率性、公共性和平等性是相辅相成、辩证统一的.首先,效率性是财政支出配置的前提条件,因为政府的财政资源是非常稀缺的,如果在配置公共资源的过程中没有符合经济效率,那是对公民税收的恣意挥霍.其次,公共性是财政支出配置的政治基础,由于政府机构的行政低效和官僚的腐败猖獗,所以必须通过一种能够反映公民意志的政治程序才能约束政府的利维坦行为.最后,平等性成为财政支出配置的道德保障,它将让任何一个弱势群体享受到公共财政带来的普惠.     

Must equality and efficiency conflict? The economics of Andrew Glyn

This paper aims to provide an introductory overview of AndrewGlyn's economics. Throughout his intellectual career, Glyn'scentral concern was to understand how economic efficiency canbe made consistent with egalitarian objectives. In pursuingthis concern, his work engaged critically with developmentsin contemporary capitalism and with different proposals forpromoting egalitarian objectives, including revolutionary socialism,social democratic corporatism, and basic income capitalism.Glyn's legacy is a set of works which provide great insightinto the development of capitalism and on the limits and possibilitiesof egalitarian advance.     

Gender equality and economic growth in Brazil: A long-run analysis

This paper studies the long-run impact of policies aimed at fostering gender equality on economic growth in Brazil. The first part provides a brief review of gender issues in the country. The second part presents a gender-based, three-period OLG model that accounts for women’s time allocation between market work, child rearing, human capital accumulation, and home production. Bargaining between spouses depends on relative human capital stocks, and thus indirectly on access to infrastructure. The model is calibrated and various experiments are conducted, including investment in infrastructure, a reduction in gender bias in the market place, and a composite pro-growth, pro-gender reform program. The analysis showed that fostering gender equality, which may partly depend on the externalities that infrastructure creates in terms of women’s time allocation and bargaining power, may have a substantial impact on long-run growth in Brazil.     

论贫富差距与我国法律理念的更新

我国贫富差距过大已严重损害了社会和谐,这一问题却未得到法律学界的充分关注.我国的贫富差距悬殊虽然主要是由政策性机会不公、不正当竞争、权力腐败、政府职能错位等原因造成的,但这些政策、体制与局面的形成,其根源还是我国法律理念的不完善.和谐社会是法治社会,解决贫富差距,构建和谐社会,需在我国贯彻机会平等、权利本位、法律至上、民主自治的法律理念.