基于MOA理论消费者绿色农产品溢价支付意愿驱动路径分析*——以大米为例

[目的]随着我国人民生活水平的提高,绿色农产品愈发得到消费者的青睐。文章旨在探析消费者绿色农产品意愿溢价水平及其溢价支付意愿的驱动路径,以期为绿色农产品产业的发展提供相应政策启示。[方法]基于MOA理论分析框架,利用结构方程模型和消费者调查数据,该文以主粮大米为例展开分析。[结果]以普通大米5元/kg为基准价格,消费者绿色大米平均意愿溢价水平为125.7%,意愿溢价水平从高到低排序依次是东部地区(145.2%)、中部地区(140.09%)、西部地区(91.82%)。[结论](1)利己动机、利他动机、创新性能力、信息获取能力能够直接作用于消费者绿色农产品溢价支付意愿,而消费机会通过利己动机、利他动机和信息获取能力间接作用于溢价支付意愿;(2)基于多群组结构方程,研究发现个人可支配收入和文化程度能够调节消费者创新性能力、信息获取能力对消费者绿色农产品溢价支付意愿影响;(3)消费者创新性能力和信息获取能力对溢价支付意愿的影响存在地域差异性。     

安徽省亳州市小麦产业现状与发展策略研究

目的 亳州市位于黄淮麦区,是安徽省小麦种植面积第二大地市,亳州小麦产业化发展对安徽省至关重要,总结亳州小麦产业发展现状,分析其存在的主要问题,为亳州小麦产业化发展提供建议。方法 文章通过对亳州小麦产业和加工企业进行实地调查,委托亳州市农业局和农业科学院组织主题为小麦生产和消费的座谈会,收集小麦种植品种、种植面积以及产量等相关数据,分析小麦产业化发展现状及现存主要问题。结果 亳州市形成以优质强筋小麦、中强筋小麦、中筋小麦为主,弱筋小麦为辅的种植结构,2019年优质专用小麦种植面积占小麦总面积69%。现有规模化面粉企业28家,合计年加工小麦约200万t,消费当地近60%的小麦。小麦产业发展过程中存在“农业合作社规模较小,种植规模和专业技能不足”“订单农业较少,小麦优质不优价”“面粉企业规模较小,下游食品加工企业少”“产业链间的融合不够紧密”等问题。结论 提出“构建大规模小麦加工体系,发挥龙头企业的产业带动作用”“发展农业专业合作组织,实现规模化、标准化、专业化种植”“研发优质品种配套栽培技术,实现良种良法”“打造优质专用小麦生产示范区,培育区域品牌”等策略建议。     

Intergenerational equity and the social discount rate

Recent modelling of the costs and benefits of climate change has renewed debate regarding assumptions for the social discount rate in analysing the impacts of environmental change. Previous literature suggests two key factors influence estimates of the social discount rate: the rate of pure time preference and the elasticity of marginal utility of future consumption. These components of the social discount rate reinforce the linkages between the choice of social discount rate and intergenerational distribution. This paper addresses the question of the relationship between intergenerational equity and the social discount rate and promotes the application of intergenerational distributional weights as a means of incorporating intergenerational equity preferences in policy analysis. Intergenerational equity‐adjusted social discount rates are derived as a means of decomposing the intergenerational equity aspect of the social discount rate. The work has significant policy implications for projects with long time frames given the sensitivity of Cost Benefit Analysis outcomes to decisions regarding the social discount rate.     

Declining Discount Rates: The Long and the Short of it

The last few years have witnessed important advances in our understanding of time preference and social discounting. In particular, several rationales for the use of time-varying social discount rates have emerged. These rationales range from the ad hoc to the formal, with some founded solely in economic theory while others reflect principles of intergenerational equity. While these advances are to be applauded, the practitioner is left with a confusing array of rationales and the sense that almost any discount rate can be justified. This paper draws together these different strands and provides a critical review of past and present contributions to this literature. In addition to this we highlight some of the problems with employing DDRs in the decision-making process, the most pressing of which may be time inconsistency. We clarify their practical implications, and potential pitfalls, of the more credible rationales and argue that some approaches popular in environmental economics literature are ill-conceived. Finally, we illustrate the impact of different approaches by examining global warming and nuclear power investment. This includes an application and extension of Newell and Pizer [‘Discounting the benefits of climate change mitigation : how much do uncertain rates increase valuations?’ Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 46 (2003) 52] to UK interest rate data.     

货币市场基金的制度分析

在我国发展货币市场基金已经具有一定的必要性甚至紧迫性。但从我国的实际状况来看,发展货币市场基金的条件并不是很具备。但这并不意味着一定要等到货币市场发展完善之后才进行货币市场基金的培育。其实,货币市场基金与货币市场是同步发展、互相促进的关系,在一定意义上货币市场基金也能够促进货币市场的发展。     

Risk and Capital Structure in the Regulated Firm

This paper studies the role of capital structure in a regulated firm. We show that it affects the prices set by the regulator, the expected price being lower the higher the proportion of debt finance. However, when debt is increased beyond a certain level, the benefit of lower expected prices is offset by their increased variability. We also study the socially preferred capital structure. This is such that consumers carry some risk, in the form of higher prices in adverse economic conditions.     

中国上市公司股权激励:现状与讨论

作为缓解代理冲突的重要长效激励机制,股权激励在中国经过多年的发展取得了一定成效.尽管学术界关于股权激励形成了诸多研究成果,但目前尚缺乏针对股权激励实施情况的系统全面分析.本文通过对中国股权激励制度变迁和相关文献进行梳理,以2006～2020年中国A股市场股权激励公司为研究对象,从激励强度、激励对象、激励模式、激励时间间...     

中国城乡社会救助项目绩效评价研究——基于筹资水平的横向公平性分析

近30年来,我国社会经济体制逐步转型,新贫困群体出现。我国政府在20世纪90年代后对原有社会安全网框架进行了修补,建立起一套常规性社会救助项目,其绩效备受关注。横向公平性指标集中体现了社会救助的公平价值取向,超越了以往的经验型研究,是社会政策评估的新范式。文章以横向公平性为标准,以2003～2005年民政及各省统计年鉴数据为经验材料,对我国城乡社会安全网项目筹资水平的绩效做出评估,并为我国社会安全网项目的进一步发展提供经验证据。     

从控制权利益看上市公司融资行为

上市公司(特别是国有控股上市公司)治理结构的主要特征是内部人控制.上市公司的管理层和控股股东的实际控制人共同构成内部人,内部人共同分享控制权利益带来的好处.监管政策的出发点是降低控制权利益,减少内部人(控股股东和管理层)与中小股东、债权人的利益冲突,维护市场的"三公"原则.     

效率、公平与区域协调发展

任何国家都存在由区域差异而导致的区域差距,政府的责任是要控制乃至缩小这种区域差距,实现区域的协调发展.改革开放以来我国的区域差距逐步扩大,这与中央政府区域政策目标在效率与公平上的孰为"优先"的偏差有关.本文认为,效率与公平是两个不同层次的概念,中央政府应该确立效率与公平兼顾的区域政策目标,并建议国家开征"统筹税",促进在效率与公平兼顾基础的区域协调发展.