Home purchase restriction,real estate investment,and corporate innovation

It is ubiquitous for non-real estate firms to conduct real estate business in China. Home purchase restriction (HPR) affects corporate innovation by dampening the real estate investment of non-real estate firms. The extant literature has examined the impact of HPR on corporate innovation, but it has not focused on the expectation of HPR and the endogeneity problem. Employing a dataset of 1830 listed non-real estate firms over the period 2009–2016, this research explores the expectation of HPR on corporate innovation based on the motivations for real estate investment in non-real estate firms. We demonstrate that HPR facilitates the enhancement of research and development (R&D) investment in non-real estate listed firms by hindering real estate investment, particularly for non-high-tech firms. The effects of HPR arrive at the crest in the third implementation year and remain steady thereafter. The real estate investment of non-real estate firms rebounds and the R&D investment declines along with the cancellation of HPR. Tackling the selection bias and endogeneity problems, the baseline results are also robust. Hence, HPR should serve as a long-term vehicle to improving corporate innovation, in addition to preventing housing speculation.     

Does foreign direct investment expand the capability set in the host economy? A sectoral analysis

Most empirical studies examining the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic development use aggregate monetary-based measures such as GDP or TFP growth as indicators for development. We deviate from this approach and use instead the recently developed economic complexity index; this measure summarises the complexity of the productive structure of an economy, and its values can be interpreted as the number of capabilities present in a country. These capabilities are units of productive knowledge necessary for the production of goods, and goods differ in the number of necessary capabilities. Furthermore, we use sectoral FDI data to take differences between sectors of an economy into account, since the number of necessary capabilities also varies between the sectors. In our empirical analysis, covering 63 developing and developed countries over the period 2005–14, we find that FDI in the tertiary sector has a statistically significant and robust positive effect on the number of capabilities, whereas FDI in the primary and secondary sectors generally does not increase the capability set of an economy.     

Foreign direct investment and inequality: Evidence from China's policy change

In this paper, we examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on local urban inequality in China. Specifically, we consider the FDI policy change as an exogenous shock on the local labour markets. We find that cities that have experienced a bigger policy change in promoting FDI between 1997 and 2002 are significantly more unequal in 2005. This pattern is mainly driven by the positive association between FDI liberalisation and skill premia. The result holds after we control for other policy changes, such as privatisation of state-owned enterprises, infrastructure and trade liberalisation. We then turn to investigate the mechanisms using firm and individual-level information. Our firm-level evidence shows that FDI firms not only hire relatively more high-skilled workers but also provide relatively higher wages to high-skilled workers compared to domestic firms. Moreover, the individual-level analysis shows that FDI has a significantly positive spillover effect on wages received by skilled workers employed by state-owned enterprises, but not wages of unskilled workers.     

Does foreign investment benefit the exporting activities of Vietnamese firms?

Using firm-level data, this paper examines the effects of foreign investment on the exporting behaviour of domestic firms in the Vietnamese manufacturing and service sectors. Applying the Heckman selection model on panel data and following the Wooldridge approach, we find that investment by foreign firms has a significant positive effect on the decision of domestic firms in the same and upstream sectors to export. The proportion of exports of domestic firms declines through horizontal and forward linkages, but increases through backward linkages in the manufacturing sector. However, there is only weak evidence in support of export spillovers on domestic firms in the service sector. We also find that the presence of foreign firms has differing effects on the exporting activities of low- versus high-tech firms in the manufacturing sector.     

Financial globalisation and the labour share in developing countries: The type of capital matters

In this paper, we investigate how de facto financial globalisation has influenced the labour share in developing countries. Our main argument is the need to distinguish between different types of capital in this context as they differ in their effect on the host countries' production process and vary concerning their bargaining power vis-à-vis labour. Our econometric analysis of the impact of foreign direct versus portfolio investment in a sample of about 40 developing and transition countries after 1992 supports this claim. Using different panel data techniques to address potential endogeneity problems, we find that foreign direct investment has a positive effect on the labour share in developing countries, while the impact of portfolio investment is significantly smaller and potentially negative. Our results also highlight that de facto foreign investment cannot explain the decline of the labour share in developing countries over the investigated period.     

South Korea’s outward direct investment and its dyadic determinants: Foreign aid,bilateral treaty and economic diplomacy

This study investigates the factors that affect South Korean outward foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. Most previous studies focus on monadic factors and do not consider how and to what extent bilateral relationships between South Korea and the host countries affect the investment decisions of Korean firms. The current study finds that interstate factors such as South Korea's international investment treaties with and official development assistance to host countries have positive effects on FDI to these countries, while presidential visits have strong and statistically significant effects on FDI only in countries located in non-Asian regions, especially the African continent. The findings suggest that the effects of bilateral relations on South Korea's FDI vary depending on the geographic location of the host country.     

税收激励对企业投资决策影响研究——基于微观动态非平衡面板数据的分析

我国减税降费政策的实施,对降低企业税负、盘活企业流动资金具有积极作用,有利于促进企业高质量可持续发展。在此背景下,本文基于欧拉方程投资框架构建回归模型,给出了税收影响投资决策的现实路径,运用2008-2019年的微观动态非均衡数据进行实证检验,研究发现:税收激励依旧是影响我国企业投资决策的积极因素,而市场需求与融资约束的影响并不明显;在国有企业与非国有企业中,投资行为存在较大差异,国有企业投资对税收激励比较敏感,而非国有企业则对市场需求更敏感。基于研究结论,本文为制定税收激励政策提出相关建议。     

房价上涨如何影响了工业产出

为探究房价上涨对工业生产的作用机制,首先基于理论视角对房价如何影响房地产投资、劳动力成本进而影响工业产出进行了论证,基于2003年~2017年全国时间序列数据,构建VAR模型实证检验了房价上涨对工业产出的影响机理。结果表明:房价上涨对工业产出具有"先促进,后抑制"的作用;房价上涨,一方面通过促进房地产投资增长抑制工业产出,另一方面通过提高工业企业劳动力成本抑制工业产出;短期内工业产出对房价的冲击响应较为灵敏且强烈,但长期来看房地产投资、劳动力成本的影响力会逐渐显现,且房地产投资最终成为了解释工业产出的主导因素。     

论国际投资仲裁中第三方资助披露问题

国际投资仲裁中的第三方资助不同于国际商事仲裁中的第三方资助,应对其进行专门研究。披露是规制第三方资助的关键。国际投资仲裁中关于第三方资助披露的规则呈现出缺位和模糊的总体特点。在国际投资仲裁中,第三方资助的受资助方基本均为申请人。由相关案件可知,现行实践与规则并不适配。实践中,披露的发起一般经由被申请人请求或仲裁庭要求,被申请人要求披露的原因常见于利益冲突和透明度,仲裁庭对披露要求的拒绝一般基于对披露程度的考量。将规则与实践对比分析可知,规定仲裁庭要求披露的时间,严格把控第三方资助的披露程度,是完善国际投资仲裁中第三方资助披露规制的可行路径。     

新型监管政策下我国保险资金的资产配置研究——基于大类资产监管和“偿二代”的政策背景

近年来我国保险资金运用监管开始实行“放开前端、管住后端”的政策理念,在前端实行的是资产大类监管政策,在后端实行的是“偿二代”政策。在此新的政策背景下,保险公司如何优化投资结构是一项非常重要的问题。考虑到我国保险业实际监管政策内容,以投资组合的风险最低资本的最小化为优化目标,以大类监管政策中的投资比例限制为约束条件,建立了一个新的投资组合模型,用来计算出各种最优投资组合比例。研究结果表明：在新监管政策下,协议存款、基础设施和不动产的理论配置比例较高, 债券类投资和权益类投资的理论配置比例较低。与理论投资比例相,债券类产品的实际投资比例偏高,而不动产类投资品的实际投资比例偏低,所以我国保险资金在今后的大类资产配置中,应当降低债券的投资比例,适当提高不动产的投资比例。