The Effect of Financial Incentives on Labour Supply: Evidence for Lone Parents from Microsimulation and Quasi‐Experimental Evaluation*

The aim of this paper is to analyse the work incentive effects of a change in the Australian tax and transfer system on lone parents in July 2000. To evaluate the effect of the total change only, microsimulation can be used; but for a subgroup of lone parents, a few components of this policy change can be analysed through two alternative approaches — microsimulation and quasi‐experimental evaluation. Both approaches examine the effects on the probability of employment and on average working hours. The results from microsimulation show that the combined changes introduced in July 2000 — involving reduced withdrawl rates, changed family payments and lower income tax rates — have increased labour supply for lone parents to a moderate extent. The estimated effect on average working hours when using microsimulation is very close to the effect estimated in a quasi‐experimental approach using matching techniques to control for alternative influences.     

Economic Analysis at the Federal Communications Commission

This article reviews some of the major economic issues faced by the FCC in thelast year. It focuses on the application of new analytic techniques at the FCC, andidentifies several areas in which further academic research would be valuable to theFCC.Currently serving as FCC Chief Economist     

计算机实验室设计与管理

随着计算机技术的空前发展,计算机实验室将面临着新的挑战,计算机实验室的管理也越来越受到人们的普遍重视.只有加强管理才能简化管理,只有提高管理的效率,才能提高实验室的使用率和学校的计算机教学水平.     

Procedural invariance as a result of commitment costs: evidence from an economic experiment on farmers’ willingness to pay for digestate

We offer a conceptual explanation for some of the procedural invariance witnessed in experimental studies related to the concept of commitment costs, which is confirmed in a field experiment with Sicilian farmers valuing a renewable soil conditioner.     

The role of peer imitation in agricultural index insurance adoption: Findings from lab-in-the-field experiments in Kyrgyzstan

Frequent climate shocks require farmers in developing countries to increase their resilience. Although index insurance is often discussed as a promising climate adaptation strategy, take-up rates are still low. This study primarily explores the role of peer behavior as peer imitation in the demand for three marketable and unsubsidized crop index insurance options. Furthermore, the influence of trust and understanding is investigated. We collected data in lab-in-the-field experiments among farmers in Kyrgyzstan, where index insurance is planned for imminent implementation. Applying ordered logit estimations, our results show significant and strong peer imitation effects. Imitation attitudes decrease with own insurance experience and received insurance payouts, but intensify with peer size, insurance trust and practical insurance understanding. While trust robustly increases index insurance adoption, understanding effects only gain significance in the dynamic perspective. These findings underline the importance of community-based extension treatments and trust toward the uptake of innovative agricultural technologies in the first steps of dissemination.     

When You Know Your Neighbour Pays Taxes: Information,Peer Effects and Tax Compliance

In this paper, we suggest that individuals’ tax compliance behaviours are affected by the behaviour of their ‘neighbours’, or those about whom they may have information, whom they may know, or with whom they may interact on a regular basis. Individuals are more likely to file and to report their taxes when they believe that other individuals are also filing and reporting their taxes; conversely, when individuals believe that others are cheating on their taxes, they may well become cheaters themselves. We use experimental methods to test the role of such information about peer effects on compliance behaviour. In one treatment setting, we inform individuals about the frequency that their neighbours submit a tax return. In a second treatment setting, we inform them about the number of their neighbours who are audited, together with the penalties that they pay. In both cases, we examine the impact of information on filing behaviour and also on subsequent reporting behaviour. We find that providing information on whether one's neighbours are filing returns and/or reporting income has a statistically significant and economically large impact on individual filing and reporting decisions. However, this ‘neighbour’ information does not always improve compliance, depending on the exact content of the information.     

工科院校大学生学风状况的调查与分析

通过随机抽样调查发现,工科院校大学生在学习动机、态度和安排等方面总体情况良好,但也存在一些问题。高校要多途径提高大学生学习兴趣与专业满意度,并广泛开展职业生涯规划教育,引导他们明确努力方向,增强学习的内在动力,同时发挥心理健康教育功能,促进优良学风建设。     

心理画像技术在刑事侦查中的应用

在刑事侦查中对犯罪嫌疑人进行心理画像有助于确定侦查方向,缩小侦查范围。我国当前心理画像技术体系还不成熟,只有对心理画像的心理依据、技术标准、适用条件及应用价值等方面有充分认识和掌握,才能发挥其应有的侦查价值。     

谈生物技术专业药学实验教学改革

为适应21世纪生物经济发展趋势,培养21世纪新型生物技术人才,结合我校实际,通过提高实验课时所占总课时的比例,增加实验课的内容,整合药学相关实验资源,结合综合性实验、设计性实验、创新性实验,改革＂理论-实践＂的教学环节,多指标综合评分考核等对药学实验教学进行改革,获得新型药学实验教学模式。     

个人信用征信与保护的冲突与平衡

个人征信行业和制度的发展是市场经济发展的必然,是市场交易安全的保障,其本质要求个人信用信息的开放和共享,而个人信用信息的私密性的特征决定了个人信用征信机制的构建与个人隐私权保护的冲突不可避免。可以说,个人信用隐私权的适度限制与个人征信信息的适当公开,二者的平衡与协调是个人征信体系建立成败的关键问题。在个人信用信息的征集、管理及使用过程中,都应注重个人信用信息保护的平衡。