户籍制度改革的制度效果——社会学制度主义学派的一种解读

户籍制度与农民工问题紧密相联,理论上讲,解决农民工问题就要改革户籍制度.但实际中,农村户口向城市迁移的现实情况表明了改革后的户籍制度对农民工户口迁移没有起到预期的显著效果.以社会学制度主义学派的视角来解读其原因,在于改革后价值观念系统的改变相对滞后,从而阻碍了户口迁移步伐.     

Inter-firm Collaboration and Learning: The Case of the Japanese Automobile Industry

This paper investigates the effect of intra-firm Research and Development expenditure and inter-firm collaboration on firm performance. It is proposed that R&D expenditures enable a company to improve knowledge and assimilate the exchange of information within non-routine collaboration activities. The hypotheses are tested by an empirical study on inter-firm technical collaboration in Japanese Automobile firms during the years 1975–1995, using the method of first-order auto-regression on a panel data set. The findings indicate that R&D expenditure increases performance, but do not allow clear conclusions on the effects of collaborations.     

Developing social capital to achieve superior internationalization: A conceptual model

A conceptual model is proposed for analyzing the strategies of startups in the context of building social capital to achieve superior performance in internationalization. The study responds to calls for theoretical predictions based on comprehensive distinctions of network relationships, such as in the strength, number and content of ties. The effect of tie characteristics on formulating startup internationalization strategies and on subsequent performance depends on the combination of many weak ties and a few strong ties.     

The network perspective and the internationalization of small and medium sized software firms from Syria

This study has employed a case-based approach to explore the relevance of relational factors in explaining the internationalization of six software B2B SMEs from Syria. It contributes by providing rare empirical insights on the internationalization behavior of Middle Eastern SMEs and redressing, albeit slightly, the apparent research gap in the internationalization of knowledge-based SMEs from developing countries. Analysis results suggest the importance of the relational perspective in explaining the initial internationalization, market selection and internationalization speed of the investigated software firms. It emerged that the case firms either reacted to the cross-border opportunities offered by their relational contacts or proactively pursued overseas opportunities through existing and newly developed relationships. Their market entry decisions and internationalization pace also appear to have been influenced by these relationships. Both social and business networks were found to be important, but social ties seemed more influential at initial stages, with business networks becoming more dominant subsequently. The article concludes with appropriate recommendations for managerial decision making and future research.     

The strategic impetus for social network ties: reconstituting broken ceo friendship ties

Research on organization–environment relations has focused primarily on formal linkages between organizations such as board interlock ties as a strategy for managing resource dependence. This study examines whether top corporate executives may maintain more informal ties to executives of other firms in order to manage uncertainty arising from resource dependence. Our point of departure is prior research on boards of directors that has examined whether so‐called ‘broken board ties’ (i.e., ties that are disrupted due to executive turnover) tend to be reconstituted, and whether resource dependence explains the likelihood of reconstitution. These studies have generally provided little evidence that corporate board ties are used to manage resource dependence. We draw from theory and research on social embeddedness and friendship to suggest that, as a strategy for managing dependence, the maintenance of friendship ties between top executives provides benefits that are comparable to the supposed benefits of board cooptation, while imposing fewer constraints on the organization. Our theory leads to the contention that, despite limited prior evidence that resource dependence determines the formation of formal board ties, corporate leaders may nevertheless reconstitute informal (i.e., friendship) ties to leaders of other firms that have the power to constrain their firms' access to needed resources when those ties have been disrupted (e.g., due to turnover of the CEO's friend). We test our hypotheses with a unique dataset that includes survey data from U.S. corporate leaders collected at two points in time, thus permitting an assessment of whether top executives reconstitute broken social ties to leaders of other firms, and whether various sources of resource dependence predict the likelihood of reconstitution. We discuss implications for strategic perspectives on inter‐organizational relations and the sociological literature on embeddedness. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

激光在大型晚会中的应用

随着激光显示技术的发展，人们将注意力越来越多地投注到激光光效在娱乐领域。现在的大型晓会几乎都有激光助兴，其使用价值和应用成果都是十分突出的。文中从激光进入大型晚会舞台艺术殿堂，分享艺术感受。     

The challenge of Chinese state‐affiliated multinationals in benefiting from foreign subsidiary knowledge transfer: A criticism of light‐touch integration

Acknowledging the sharp growth of Chinese state‐affiliated multinationals and their strategic asset‐seeking investments abroad, this study investigates the effects of headquarters' home‐country political ties on the multinational‐wide benefits gained from subsidiary knowledge transfer in Chinese multinationals. It also looks at how these effects are mediated by organizational distance and social integration between headquarters and subsidiary. Based on a survey of 177 subsidiaries of 99 Chinese multinationals, we find that headquarters' political ties trigger organizational distance and hinder social integration between headquarters and foreign subsidiaries and these, in turn, hamper the potential benefits that Chinese multinationals derive from subsidiary knowledge transfer. This study identifies new challenges related to political ties and light‐touch integration in gaining benefits from subsidiary knowledge transfer.     

CO—CO型家族企业继承人选择分析

我国民营企业以家族企业为主要形式,但由于家族企业的复杂性,很难有突破。文章假设了一种具有广泛现实基础的CO-CO家族继承人选择模式,从经济学角度分析家族企业继承过程中的影响因素,并提出了构建家族企业选出恰当人选的环境氛围的建议。     

谁会更慈善？基于竞争战略与企业慈善行为的研究

以企业竞争战略选择作为出发点,对不同企业的捐赠行为和动机进行了研究。研究发现,与保守型竞争战略定位的企业不同,进取型竞争战略定位的企业更倾向于慈善捐赠行为,幅度更明显。其中,企业违规次数具有正向调节效应、管理者的政治关联具有负向调节效应,由此可以部分说明进取型企业的慈善捐赠行为有一定“伪善性”,或者是在谋求有利于企业的政治关联性。     

Bridging ties: a source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities

What explains differences in firms’ abilities to acquire competitive capabilities? In this paper we propose that a firm’s embeddedness in a network of ties is an important source of variation in the acquisition of competitive capabilities. We argue that firms in geographical clusters that maintain networks rich in bridging ties and sustain ties to regional institutions are well‐positioned to access new information, ideas, and opportunities. Hypotheses based on these ideas were tested on a stratified random sample of 227 job shop manufacturers located in the Midwest United States. Data were gathered using a mailed questionnaire. Results from structural equation modeling broadly support the embeddedness hypotheses and suggest a number of insights about the link between firms’ networks and the acquisition of competitive capabilities. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.