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41.
Farm families with incomes below the poverty line are far less likely than wealthier farmers to receive farm support payments. Using data from the 1989–2004 Current Population Survey, we find that poor farm families are also not participating in other assistance programs. Controlling for other factors, eligible farm families have substantially lower participation rates in the Food Stamp Program and in Medicaid than eligible nonfarm families. Removing farm safety net program payments would increase the number of farmers eligible for these programs but, in the absence of behavioral changes, would only lead to small increases in the number of recipients.  相似文献   
42.
    
The agricultural sector's share of gross domestic product (GDP) in growing economies typically declines but, for a century from the early 1850s, Australia's did not. Drawing on recent structural transformation literature, this paper seeks explanations for this unusual phenomenon, which is all the more striking because agriculture's share of employment continued to decline throughout and growth in manufacturing was being stimulated by tariff protection from imports. Several factors contributed, including a huge land frontier that took more than a century for settlers to explore, rapid declines in initially crippling domestic and ocean trade costs for farm products, the absence of a need to do any processing of the two main exports during that period (gold and wool) and innovations by farmers and via a strong public agricultural R&D system that contributed to farm labour productivity nearly doubling over those 10 decades. The ban on iron ore exports from 1938 and low export prices for fuels, minerals and metals during the two world wars and in the intervening decades also contributed.  相似文献   
43.
    
We develop an estimation procedure that generates consistent estimates of the technology parameters, long-run (persistent) and short-run (transient) technical inefficiencies and the marginal effects of their determinants for the stochastic frontier model developed by Colombi et al. (2014, Journal of Productivity Analysis 42, 123) and Kumbhakar et al. (2014, Journal of Productivity Analysis 41, 321). Our approach accounts for three sources of potential endogeneity: (i) unobserved heterogeneity; (ii) simultaneity of input use with both types of technical efficiency; (iii) potential correlation of the noise term with the regressors. Using this approach we examine the effect of direct payments and farm size on the persistent and transient technical efficiency of French crop farms before and after the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy decoupling reform of 2003. Our results show that subsidy payments per hectare of utilised agricultural land had a significant positive effect on persistent technical efficiency and a significant negative effect on transient technical efficiency during the period before decoupling. For the period after the reform, the effect of subsidies is found to be significantly negative for persistent technical efficiency and insignificant for transient technical efficiency. The overall effect of subsidies on technical efficiency is found to be negative in both periods, albeit substantially lower in the period after decoupling. The effect of farm size on technical efficiency is found to be significant only for the period prior to the reform: it reduced persistent technical inefficiency but increased transient technical inefficiency during that period.  相似文献   
44.
《农器图谱》是元代著名农学著作《王祯农书》中最有开创意义的部分。在这一部分中,不仅农书的文和图与农学直接相关,而且每图之末所附的诗歌也包含了丰富的农学信息,尤其是在农器发展趋向和农器推广方面具有重要的农学意义,是农书的有机组成部分。  相似文献   
45.
本文通过对我国农产品加工业发展特点以及当前制约因素的论述,为我国农产品加工业提出了今后进一步发展的设想。  相似文献   
46.
    
Off‐farm work is a widespread, two‐edged, phenomenon that can help both the survival and the demise of small‐ and medium‐sized agricultural exploitations. Given the prevalence of poverty in rural areas, nonfarm income has been credited with helping farmers to survive. But the observed shrinking of rural areas has also raised the question of whether off‐farm work is pulling farmers permanently away from farming. This paper explores the impact of farmer characteristics on the decision to work off‐farm in developing countries where this phenomenon has been largely neglected. A review of theory and prior empirical work suggests four main hypotheses which we test empirically. The results suggest that while some farmer characteristics appear to be universal, others appear to be country‐ or culture‐specific.  相似文献   
47.
分析了国有林场建设发展无长远目标所导致的“边缘化”状况,论述了确立国有林场建设发展长远目标的必要性和紧迫性;提出了建设社会主义现代国有林场的六项基本内容和要求;认为建设社会主义现代国有林场需要解决建设规划林场体制、投资政策、人才队伍建设等问题。  相似文献   
48.
由于技术手段的限制,上轮土地利用总体规划在基本农田的划定工作中存在诸多问题.以成都市龙泉驿区为例,应用ArcGIS软件强大的空间分析功能,对龙泉驿区基本农田和基本农田保护区进行了划定.研究成果保证了新一轮土地利用总体规划修编的科学性,对龙泉驿区土地利用总体规划修编的基本农田划定工作有着指导性意义.  相似文献   
49.
国有林场改革与发展问题思考   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
介绍了国有林场的基本情况,国有林场职工参加社会最低生活保障的情况以及各地落实最低生活保障制度的好的经验和做法,指出国有林场发展存在着职工生活比较贫困、林区民生问题比较突出等主要问题,提出了明确林场定位、完善社保体系、加强基础设施建设、剥离社会职能等政策建议。  相似文献   
50.
    
This article investigates the differences in yield production, production efficiency, and yield risk for farmers both with and without off‐farm work. Using a nationwide survey of rice farmers in Taiwan, we estimate two stochastic production frontier models that accommodate technical inefficiency and production risk simultaneously for farmers both with and without off‐farm work. The stochastic dominance criterion is then applied to compare the differences in the distributions of the estimated technical efficiency and yield risk between groups. The empirical results indicate that these two groups of farmers use resources in different ways, and off‐farm work is not necessarily associated with lower technical efficiency. For farmers in the lower percentiles of the efficiency distribution, those with off‐farm work are more efficient than their counterparts without off‐farm work. In addition, farmers with off‐farm work face higher production risk and this result is robust for the entire distribution.  相似文献   
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