GIS as a tool for selection of sample areas in a travel behaviour survey

Whilst Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are now used more commonly in transport research and modelling, GIS techniques were used in this study to select similar sample areas (in terms of geography and census attributes) for data collection. For this purpose, a GIS mapping system for Tyne and Wear, UK, was built. The system included topographic maps of the area, boundary maps of Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA), and aggregated census statistics datasets for LSOAs. Criteria relating to census attributes and the nature of transport were employed to identify ‘hotspots’ by GIS enquiry to provide suitably matching areas, which then formed the basis of the sampling frame.The research project was concerned with commuters’ travel choices and so the study needed to identify commuters. In this case-study context, it is not possible to select fully homogeneous areas, so the GIS ‘hotspots’ approach allowed the identification of areas where there were a high concentration of commuters with multiple alternatives for travel to work. A pilot study showed that the GIS origin-based approach was good in collecting a balanced sample, as compared to an employment-based destination survey. This paper explores the benefits and costs of these origin- and destination-based approaches. In the origin-based home sample, households with paper-based surveys were targeted after identification by GIS. This origin approach requires more data preparation compared to the alternative of an employer-based, destination-based sample that could use online survey methodologies.The paper concludes by identifying GIS as an important tool in selecting a sample area for data collection using multiple criteria, but argues that plans for data collection need to be flexibly constructed to overcome unexpected challenges. Although this paper focuses on a transport research case study, the methodology presented can be applied to survey design and selection of sample areas in other disciplines.     

卷烟企业制丝线管控目标分析与设计

文章基于制丝线管理目标需求进行系统目标分析,分解系统结构并且进行优化设计,旨在改善制丝线管控目标控制效果,提高生产效能。     

DEMAND,CUSTOMER BASE‐LINE AND DEMAND RESPONSE IN THE ELECTRICITY MARKET: A SURVEY

The increasing use of demand‐side management, as a tool to reliably meet electricity demands at peak time, has stimulated interest among researchers, consumers and producer organiza‐tions, managers, regulators and policymakers. This research reviews the growing literature on models which are used to study demand, customer base‐line (CBL) and demand response in the electricity market. After characterizing the general demand models, the CBL, based on which the demand response models are studied, is reviewed. Given the experience gained from the review and existing conditions, the study combines an appropriate model for each case for a possible application to the electricity market; moreover, it discusses the implications of the results. In the literature, these aspects are studied independently. The main contribution of this survey is attributed to the treatment of the three issues as sequentially interdependent. The review is expected to enhance the understanding of the demand, CBL and demand response in the electricity market and their relationships. The objective is conducted through a combination of demand and supply side managements in order to reduce demand through different demand response programs during peak times. This enables electricity suppliers to save costly electricity generation and at the same time reduce energy vulnerability.     

数控车床加工实训中的故障分析

本文通过分析学生在数控车床实训时易产生的故障和操作失误,阐述了故障发生的原因、避免或排除的对策,以切实提高学生的数控加工能力。     

A decision method for supplier selection in multi-service outsourcing

Although supplier selection in multi-service outsourcing is a very important decision problem, research concerning this issue is still relatively scarce. This paper proposes a decision method for selecting a pool of suppliers for the provision of different service process/product elements. It pioneers the use of collaborative utility between partner firms for supplier selection. A multi-objective model is built to select desired suppliers. This model is proved to be NP-hard, so we develop a multi-objective algorithm based on Tabu search for solving it. We then use an example to show the applicability of the proposed model and algorithm. Extensive computational experiments are also conducted to further test the performance of the proposed algorithm.     

A weighted max-min model for fuzzy multi-objective supplier selection in a supply chain

Supplier selection is one of the most important activities of purchasing departments. This importance is increased even more by new strategies in a supply chain. Supplier selection is a multi-criteria decision making problem in which criteria have different relative importance. In practice, for supplier selection problems, many input information are not known precisely. The fuzzy set theories can be employed due to the presence of vagueness and imprecision of information. A weighted max-min fuzzy model is developed to handle effectively the vagueness of input data and different weights of criteria in this problem. Due to this model, the achievement level of objective functions matches the relative importance of the objective functions. In this paper, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weights of criteria. The proposed model can help the decision maker (DM) to find out the appropriate order to each supplier, and allows the purchasing manager(s) to manage supply chain performance on cost, quality and service. The model is explained by an illustrative example.     

价值工程方法在工程项目设计方案比选中的应用

项目的价值工程方法是一种以实现项目利益相关各方最高满意度的创造性活动,在规划设计阶段,价值工程对项目价值有决定性的影响。因此,在项目前期,应积极应用价值工程的方法进行多方案的比选分析,以达到项目价值的最大化目的。     

高科技企业一线经理领导力研究

高科技企业经理的领导力水平直接影响着员工的积极性与创新性。作为员工直接主管的一线经理，其领导力对于激发员工的积极性和主动性、最大限度地发挥人力资源的潜能至关重要。通过对高科技企业一线经理领导情景的分析，提出了一线经理领导力的核心要素，并探讨了培育和提升领导力的具体措施。     

我国台商投资大陆区位选择影响因素的实证研究

选取1991—2011年我国台商投资大陆地区各省(地区)相关变量的历史统计数据,采用面板数据分析方法,建立各时段面板数据模型,对我国台商投资大陆区位选择的影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果显示:影响我国台商投资大陆区位选择的因素主要有产业结构、政府政策、生产效率、基础设施、劳动力成本和开放水平等;其中,政府政策和开放水平是影响台商投资大陆区位选择的稳定且主要的因素;产业结构、基础设施和劳动力成本的影响次之,生产效率的影响并不显著;各因素对台商投资大陆区位选择的影响程度和方向不断变化,即产业结构的影响呈上升趋势,基础设施和劳动力成本的影响逐渐减弱。