Properties of emerging organizations: An empirical test

The process of new venture creation is central to the field of entrepreneurship. The effects of initial organizing have a direct influence on survival, yet empirical examination of the dimensions of emergent organizations is limited. Using longitudinal data on nascent entrepreneurs, this paper empirically tests four properties of emerging organizations-intentionality, resources, boundary and exchange- and their effect on likelihood of continued organizing [Katz, J., Gartner, W.B., 1988. Properties of emerging organizations. Academy of Management Review 13(3), 429–441]. Our results suggest that all four properties are necessary for firm survival in the short-term and those firms that organize more slowly are more likely to continue to organize. Further, nascent ventures in which intentionality preceded the other organizing properties were not significantly more likely to continue in the organizing effort. Our results suggest an extension of the original Katz and Gartner [Katz, J., Gartner, W.B., 1988. Properties of emerging organizations. Academy of Management Review 13(3), 429–441] framework.     

Political hazards and firms' geographic concentration

Research summary : We examine the relationship between the geographic concentration of a firm's sales and the firm's vulnerability to expropriation hazards. Although expanding outside the home location can initially increase a firm's exposure to government expropriation, we find that this effect reverses when a firm's sales outside its home location have reached a point at which it has sufficient resources to better influence government actions and to pose a credible threat to exit the market in which it is being targeted. We supplement this main result by identifying two moderating factors: the firm's level of political capital and the effectiveness of institutional constraints on government behavior. We find support for these hypotheses from survey data on privately owned enterprises in China. Managerial summary : This research advises firm managers that certain market activities might knock their firms' economic interests out of alignment with the government's political interests, and thus, influence the political hazards they face, particularly in emerging markets such as China, which has attracted strong interest of many firms with respect to entering the market. Here, all else being equal, the firms' geographic concentration exposes them to different levels of state expropriation—but not in a simple linear fashion as suggested by the conventional wisdom of local protectionism or that of the bargaining advantage generated by the threat of relocation: Those who are “stuck in the middle” ended up paying twice or even three times as much unauthorized levies as the purely local or the most expansive firms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于红外图像的林火识别方法及实现

森林火灾是一种突发性强、破坏性大且处置救助较为困难的自然灾害,会对森林、森林生态系统和人类带来一定危害和损失。早期的林火判别多基于温度、烟雾以及24小时图像监测实现,主观性强,标准单一,且误报率高。如何快速发现林火目标并及时报警扑灭,已经成为国内外学者研究的热点之一。文章基于红外热像仪,对大量森林背景及模拟林火状态进行了图像和温度数据的采集,首次提出了基于温度标准差方法进行热源识别的概念,得出了不同地点、不同时间段森林背景的温度标准差分布,以及明火温度在各阶段的波动范围,为林火的预防和监测提供了重要依据。同时,通过对干扰源进入前后的红外图像进行预处理和分析,对比目标热源的像素面积变化率及其圆形度,即可准确实现部分干扰热源的排除。实验结果证明,将此基于红外图像的热源初判原则与干扰源排除的规律应用于林火监测,方法简单有效,准确率高,对降低森林火灾的发生率,提高社会经济效益有着重要的作用。     

大兴安岭森林火烧对土壤生境质量影响研究

森林火烧是一种自然或人为因素产生的干扰,能够改变当地土壤的物理性质、化学性质及生物指标,对土壤的性质与土壤的肥力影响较大,对农业生态系统的结构与功能影响深远。作为我国重点的国有林区,大兴安岭地区林地面积广阔,森林覆盖率高,是我国生态安全的重要保障区,拥有丰富的林业资源,林下适生农业经济作物有500多种,林木、柞蚕、林果及中草药等绿色种养产业的资源十分丰富,是当前大兴安岭发展现代农业的主要模式。大兴安岭是我国森林火灾的多发区,文章对近年来国内专家学者对火烧影响森林土壤的理化性质与生物指标等众多研究成果进行综合评述,近年来,研究者从大兴安岭不同地区、不同林火种类与林火强度系统分析并研究了火烧对土壤生境质量的影响,该文通过对其进行归纳总结,旨在为该地区的火烧迹地植被恢复及农业林下经济的科学经营管理提供科学依据。     

高利贷的危害与政策回应

金融危机导致国内大批中小企业资金链断裂,不少企业为了维持生存,解决一时资金周转困难,而不得不借高利贷以解燃眉之急.但是,高利贷犹如套在中小企业脖子上的"绞刑绳",原本许多经营正常的企业因为借高利贷而被迫关闭破产.因此,在金融危机的背景下,我们必须加强监管,严厉打击高利贷行为,鼓励企业抱团自救,向国家商业银行贷款,以度过困难阶段.     

散粮筒仓系统消防应急灯具的选择

《消防应急照明和疏散指示系统技术标准》(GB 51309—2018)的实施,结束了消防应急照明不统一的乱象,在设计工作中得到广泛应用.本文针对散粮筒仓系统中消防应急灯具的选择进行了分析.     

Environmental regulation,total factor productivity,and enterprise duration: Evidence from China

Environmental regulation has been confirmed to have an important impact on enterprise productivity, which is regarded as a crucial factor of enterprise duration. However, existing studies have paid little attention to how environmental regulation affects enterprise duration. Using firm‐level data from the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database (2003–2007) and the stochastic frontier analysis method, we estimate enterprise total factor productivity (TFP) and its four decomposed components (scale efficiency change, technological change, factor allocation efficiency change, and technical efficiency change). Meanwhile, we adopt a comprehensive index to measure the environmental regulation intensity. Furthermore, we use the linear probability model and the proportional hazards model to investigate the effect of environmental regulation on enterprise duration through the mediating role of enterprise TFP. The results show that although environmental regulation per se negatively impacts on enterprise duration, environmental regulation can present a synthetic positive effect on enterprise duration due to its positive effect on enterprise TFP. Specifically, environmental regulation significantly mitigates the scale efficiency and technical efficiency of regulated enterprises. It also stimulates regulated enterprises' technological innovation and improves their factor allocation efficiency. In addition, state‐owned and large‐scale enterprises are more malleable when facing environmental regulations. We propose that the government should encourage enterprises to innovate and improve the allocation efficiency of production factors, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling environmental pollution in stages while extending enterprise duration.     

Performance of methods to conduct mediation analysis with time-to-event outcomes

Previous studies have discouraged the use of the Cox proportional hazards (PH) model for traditional mediation analysis as it might provide biased results. Accelerated failure time (AFT) models have been proposed as an alternative for Cox PH models. In addition, the use of the potential outcomes framework has been proposed for mediation models with time-to-event outcomes. The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of traditional mediation analysis and potential outcomes mediation analysis based on both the Cox PH and the AFT model. This is done by means of a Monte Carlo simulation study and the illustration of the methods using an empirical data set. Both the product-of-coefficients method of the traditional mediation analysis and the potential outcomes framework yield unbiased estimates with respect to their own underlying indirect effect value for simple mediation models with a time-to-event outcome and estimated based on Cox PH or AFT.     

BIM技术在实验研发中心楼运维管理阶段的应用研究

在项目运维中,基于建筑信息模型(building information model,BIM)技术的应用系统顺应时代要求应运而生.为实现项目全寿命周期智能化管理,主要从运维阶段对实验研发中心进行功能剖析和开发,结合实验研发中心楼特殊的性质开展.以某实验研发中心楼工程图纸及行业标准规范为依据,辅以Revit、Pathfinder、BIM FACE等软件为技术支撑,构建及优化实验研发中心3D模型;研究最适宜实验研发中心的逃生路线,并使用BIM FACE二次开发平台搭建了该楼的运维管理平台.     

智慧电厂环境监测与风险预警系统研究与应用

为满足水电厂环境监测与风险预警高效化、智能化需求,设计了一套监测预警系统.通过对水、船、物、人等数据的感知,保障了水域可视化以及工厂安全.利用智能视频设备与AI智能分析平台对大坝关键位置进行实时监控,报告水位和流速情况,完成漂浮物告警弹窗与船舶智能分析;基于智慧消防物联网平台与AR全景可视化系统,实现仪表智能读取与告警联动.智慧电厂实测结果与现场勘察一致,能够为水域管理及故障识别提供全面的数据支撑.