Measuring the effects of preservation on farm profits in a continuous treatment setting

Despite billions of dollars of public appropriations to state purchase of development rights (PDR) programmes, there has been limited evaluation of the effects of these investments on the economic performance of preserved farms. This article estimates dose-response functions to evaluate the effects of enrolment in New Jersey’s PDR programme on farm profitability. The generalized propensity score method in a continuous treatment setting is used to address selection bias arising from voluntary programme participation. Treatment effects are measured across treatment levels to determine whether farm profitability is affected differently across levels of programme participation. Our findings reveal that, relative to unpreserved farms, profit per acre tends to increase along lower treatment levels. The profit per acre of preserved farms in the 1–40% treatment range is, on average, $407 higher than that of unpreserved farms in the full sample. Positive profit differentials averaging between $317 and $472 per acre are also observed in the 1–20%, 1–40% and 1–60% treatment quintiles in the farming occupation sample. We do not observe statistically significant profitability differentials when treatment effects are averaged across all positive treatment values.     

Antecedents of Purchase Intention in the Online Context

The understanding of the determinant factors of customer purchase intention is necessary, and it is equally important to study the online purchase context, since this context is disseminated among customers. A theoretical model has been elaborated on and tested, considering the constructs of information quality, distrust, and perceived risk as antecedents of purchase intention, and aiming to analyze the relationship among these constructs in the online purchase context. A quantitative research study has been performed by means of the application of a survey. Multivariate statistics techniques have been applied for data analyses, including structural equation modeling. This study contributes to the evolution of the empirically tested concepts by providing a greater individual understanding of each construct presented in the theoretical model, as well as the relationship among them as determinants of purchase intention; the indication is that meaningful relationships were found which may impact greater profitability and, consequently, greater competition for online retailers.     

Slicing,Dicing, Spicing,and Pricing: Factors Influencing Purchase and Consumption of Fresh Potatoes

To better understand potential reasons for a North American decline in fresh potato consumption, a region-wide survey (n = 1009) was undertaken in eastern Canada. Results were examined comparing high- and low-frequency potato users on a variety of factors, including beliefs, attitudes, barriers, needs, and satisfaction with potatoes. Respondents indicated positive perceptions pertaining to potato nutrition, taste, preparation, and overall enjoyment. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested two variables—age and the perceived importance of potatoes for the everyday meal—were strong predictors of high versus low frequency of potato consumption. Respondents judged the ability to see the potato in the package, potato firmness, and locally produced as point-of-purchase characteristics particularly important when buying fresh potatoes. However, respondents also indicated that their needs were not fully met and expressed relatively low levels of satisfaction when purchasing potatoes. Based on the results, suggestions are provided for improving the marketing of fresh potatoes.     

Research continuum on consumer education and brand knowledge: A critical analysis

Consumer education and brand knowledge have emerged as the dynamic tool in the complex marketplace today that actively stimulate the cognitive behavior of consumers toward developing purchase intentions and buying decisions. The general objective of this study is to critically review the previous studies on the role of brand literacy, transfer and perceptions of knowledge, purchase intention, shopping ambiance and customer satisfaction, and illustrate the consumer decision making process induced by the above factors. The literature review reveals that brand education plays significant role as a driver of decision making among consumers, which not only empowers consumers in developing perceptions on the brand but also helps the companies on brand co-designing and knowledge dissemination process. Consumer literacy and brand knowledge helps the consumers in assessing the brand value, competitive advantage, and operational efficiency of the brand toward building purchase intentions. The effects of the increasing levels of customer expertise in the marketplace today is seen as the outcome of consumer education and perceived brand knowledge.     

自驾车旅游购物消费行为研究——以少林寺景区为研究对象

本文在问卷调查的基础上，对少林寺景区自驾车游客购物行为进行了实证分析，得出自驾车游客购物行为特征主要为：大部分游客愿意购物或者对购物没有排斥的倾向；决策自主性较强；比较重视旅游商品的纪念性，对服务的要求高；自驾车游客可接受的旅游商品单价为中等水平；最喜欢购买土特产品；对旅游购物场所的偏好较多集中在旅游景区、百货商场以及商业街；遇到不合格的旅游商品，较少有游客进行投诉。并针对旅游购物市场存在的问题，从六个方面提出了相应的建议。     

Risk Perception and Buying Behavior: An Examination of Some Relationships in the Context of Cruise Tourism in Jamaica

Cruise tourism continues to grow substantially, even as many other forms of travel stagnate. In this era of increasing worldwide violence against tourists, safety, security, and risk abatement are becoming principal components in travelers' decision-making processes. This work examines the issue of perceived risk and safety and what impact these perceptions have on shopping behavior. The research takes place in Jamaica, a country with a reputation for aggressive vendors. Findings indicate that those visitors who traveled with others spent more time shopping and purchased more. Additionally, it was found that first time visitors express higher levels of discomfort with their surroundings than did repeat visitors, thus inhibiting purchase behavior. Finally, it was found that levels of perceived risk and security did have an impact on a traveler's intention to return to Jamaica.     

医疗机构从零售药店购进药品所涉及的法律问题

目的：理清医疗机构从零售药店购进药品所涉及的相关法律问题，为正确适用法律提供参考。方法：案例研究、探索性的逻辑分析和法条分析方法。结果与结论：医疗机构从零售药店购进药品不具有违法性，不需要承担法律责任。零售药店在医疗机构要求的情况下，向医疗机构销售少量药品，也不具有违法性，不应当进行处罚。这一结论也适用于零售药店从其他零售药店购进药品的处理。     

企业经济业务重分类及其控制和审计研究

本文通过对经济业务分类和审计方法的演变分析,尤其是针对现在国内外流行的"业务循环"经济业务分类方法与根据业务循环,开展内部控制测试与审计中存在的重复和遗漏之不足,提出了崭新的企业经济业务新的分类标准,主张将企业全部经济业务分成广义购进、广义销售、货币收付和资料生成四大类型,然后研究在新的分类下每类业务的控制与审计重点,以达到消除目前在控制与审计活动中存在大量重复作业,节约审计资源,降低审计成本,提高审计质量与效率之目的。     

论购物佣金的法律治理

目前,旅行社扭曲的经营模式是以不合理的购物佣金为基础的,这种购物佣金也几乎必然损害旅游者权益.当前的治理方式主要有两种,即立法禁止与立法规范.但两者都没能解决问题,其共同的困境在于:第一,都是地方立法,受限于地方利益的顾虑,执法者不可能严格执法；第二,都过度依赖行政监管,但行政监管存在自身固有的不足.可行的解决思路是在旅游法中赋予旅游者一项合适的权利,通过旅游者有效的维权活动制约旅行社损害旅游者利益的佣金行为.购物反悔权正是这样一种合适的权利,它将迫使旅行社主动将购物佣金控制在旅游者可以接受的限度内,或者干脆放弃购物安排.此时行政监管的主要职责将转化为保障旅游者该项权利的顺利实现,借此形成市场主导、行政保障的治理模式.     

Convenience,Price, Product

Abstract

This study examines the factors motivating consumers' purchases of specialty food and beverage products via the Internet. While convenience is often cited as a motivating factor, price and product selection have also been identified. This study considered convenience in terms of time, space, and effort. It also identifies several specific sub-categories for price and products. Among respondents who had made a recent online purchase, convenience-related issues were most frequently cited as being relevant to the purchase decision. Product-related factors were important for nearly one-third of the respondents. Price was of relatively little importance.