太阳能热发电的应用前景及槽式集热器实验研究

太阳能热发电是解决未来我国能源供应的主要途径,槽式太阳能热发电技术是经济可行、技术可靠,并经过30年商业化验证的。槽式太阳能聚光集热器是槽式太阳能热发电系统的核心部件,建立了用于槽式太阳能聚光集热器光热性能研究的实验台,对所设计的大型槽式太阳能聚光集热器的光热性能进行了实验研究。结果表明：聚光器与全新集热管组成的槽式太阳能聚光集热器的光热转化率达70％左右;部分集热管经过320℃的导热油后材质老化,影响聚光集热器的光热性能。     

FDI企业对我国私营企业科技创新能力的影响研究

本文利用DEA-Malmquist指数分析方法对FDI企业与我国私营企业2003～2012年全要素生产率进行了测算,结果显示：FDI企业的全要素生产率及增长率都高于我国私营企业。说明FDI企业的科技创新能力要强于我国私营企业。其主要原因是FDI企业通过多种方式和渠道对我国私营企业的科技创新能力产生了重要影响。本文通过实证分析表明, FDI企业主要通过科技创新能力、市场集中度及分工地位对我国私营企业的科技创新能力产生作用。     

Pragmatism, Pedagogy and Philosophy A Model of Thought and Action in Action in Primary Technology and Science Teacher Education

This article reports on one outcome from a three-year study with pre-service primary teachers at Goldsmiths' College, University of London. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of participants' prior educational experience and beliefs about the relationship between design & technology (D&T) and science on their lesson planning for these subjects during school placements. Data from the study support a three-domain model of pre-service teachers' thinking and action. When operating within the pragmatic domain, participants are primarily concerned with survival in the classroom, resulting in short-term planning which may contradict their epistemological and curricular beliefs. In the pedagogical domain, the focus shifts from the pre-service teacher themselves and their immediate survival to the learning potential of the activities they plan. There is evidence that some participants have progressed to operating within a philosophical domain, leading to clasroom practice which reflects and re-conceptualises pre-service teachers' core beliefs about the nature of, and relationship between, D&T and science. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

企业生命周期与技术生命周期的联动机制及其组织结构特征研究

企业成长的周期性是经济周期发生的微观基础,探索技术创新与企业规模关系的微观机理可以从企业生命周期与技术生命周期的联动机制入手。在分析了企业生命周期与技术创新关系,以及技术生命周期与技术机会关系的基础上,文章提出企业生命周期与技术生命周期并非以时间为联动依据,而是在一定时间内通过分散决策与集中决策的力量对比形成联动机制,这一机制能够大致刻画出两个生命周期之间互动的传导性,最后分析了作为这种联动机制载体的组织结构特征。     

对加入WTO后"以市场换技术"的思考

“以市场换技术”是20世纪80年代中后期以来我国吸引外国直接投资的重要目标之一。本文首先简要回顾了中国在加入WTO前的“以市场换技术”战略,在此基础上,分析了在加入WTO后“以市场换技术”的政策环境和外资在华行为的变化以及国际产业发展呈现出的新趋势,最后对如何促进“以市场换技术”提出了若干建议。     

研发人员激励制度对企业技术创新能力影响程度的实证研究——以科技型中小企业为例

知识经济背景下,研发人员成为企业创新的核心人才之一,在促进企业技术创新能力提升和增强方面起着极为关键的作用。针对企业中的研发人员,如何制定相应的激励制度对其进行激励,尤其是研究不同激励制度在提高企业技术创新能力时的影响程度,是学术界和企业界共同关注的焦点。文章在对研发人员激励制度和企业技术创新能力相关内容整理分析的基础上,建立了研发人员激励制度对企业技术创新能力影响的理论模型,提出了影响程度假设,并以郑州市科技型中小企业为研究对象进行实证研究。研究结果证实了股权激励制度和薪酬福利激励制度对提高企业技术创新能力的影响最明显,培训、发展和环境激励制度的影响次之,成就激励制度的影响最小,最终得出物质激励制度在研发人员心中仍然占据着重要的地位。     

Regulatory inertia versus ICT dynamics: The case of product innovations

This article conjectures that the legacy industry-specific regulation that has governed the telecommunications sector for a long time is in basic conflict with the dynamics and product innovations that characterize the modern information and communications technology (ICT) sector. Reasons for the failure of legacy regulation to promote product innovations are explained and proposals for alternatives, such as deregulation and regulatory reform are discussed. Both regulation and competition policy are more difficult for ICT than for other sectors. Therefore both, regulation and competition policy may need reforms in order to deal with new problems. The most drastic and most realistic alternative to legacy-type regulation remains deregulation and a move to competition policy. Symmetric regulation, smart regulation, quasi-Coasean approaches and subsidies all have some limited applicability to specific situations, but are all associated with complications that have to be resolved, while competition policy is a comprehensive alternative. Last-mile access and gatekeeper access are analyzed as two main areas of legacy regulation, which are in danger of being exported to other ICT areas. Such exports may negatively affect the dynamics of the ICT industry. Rather than being exported, legacy regulations should be reduced in order to enhance product innovations.     

Crowdsourcing and work: individual factors and circumstances influencing employability

The development of a fast and reliable Internet, new technologies online payment systems, and changes in work structure that enable and demand flexible working patterns have driven a move to a new form of Internet‐enabled labour exchange called crowdsourcing. Evidence from an in‐depth qualitative study is presented, focusing on selected users' interactions and experiences of working on two UK‐based crowdsourcing platforms. The paper shows that workers engaged in this form of labour exchange need to deploy existing employability skills and networks to effectively meet the challenges, and take advantage of the opportunities, that crowdsourcing presents. Individual factors and circumstances emerge as paramount for workers' continued engagement in this form of employment. Using selected components from an employability framework, the findings suggest that crowdsourcing can offer new pathways to practising skills and enhancing employability for some workers.     

Technology‐push,market‐demand and the missing safety‐pull: a case study of American Airlines Flight 587

Through a critical case study of the crash of American Airlines Flight 587, this paper draws upon ‘the Social Shaping of Technology’ (SST) approach to offer a reconceptualisation of the technology‐push and market‐demand model for High‐Reliably Organisations (HROs), providing support for a third factor, called here a ‘safety‐pull’. A safety‐pull is defined as organisationally supported reflexivity in which technology innovators and frontline operators collaborate to consider the potential implications of adopting new technologies in HROs and the complex ways this change may impact human operators' work performance, often in risky and unanticipated ways. In contrast to accidents occurring solely as the result of individual operator error, analysing the safety‐pull provides a way to tease out the wide range of factors that can contribute to HRO failures and offers a new SST perspective through which to examine high‐risk operations.     

二矿选煤厂煤泥烘干技术研究与应用

针对二矿选煤厂煤泥处理情况及每年因为煤泥水分灰分超标带来的一亿元罚款,提出来适合二矿选煤厂煤泥烘干的技术和相应的设备选型、方案,对产生的社会效益及经济效益进行分析。