浅析中央空调系统安装过程中应注意的问题

中央空调系统一般是由以下四部分构成:空调通风系统、冷(热)水系统、蒸汽系统、凝结水系统。本文阐述了其安装过程中应注意的一些问题。     

产学研合作模式三层次特征分析

产学研合作是现代市场经济体制下技术创新的重要模式,是发挥市场各主体资源优势的有效机制和方式,科学认识和界定产学研合作本质性特征有助于更加具有针对性的制订相关政策与措施,从而提高产学研合作绩效。     

我国生产性物流业促进装备制造业升级对策研究

生产性物流业作为重要的生产性服务业,对于装备制造产业的结构调整和升级具有重要作用,研究生产性物流业发展对于装备制造业的升级有着重要的现实意义。论文在分析了我国装备制造业发展现状以及生产性物流业促进装备制造业升级过程中存在问题的基础上,提出了发展生产性物流业促进装备制造业升级的对策建议。     

小批量生产制造业的成本控制研究

降低成本和提高企业的经济效益是成本控制的主要目的。本文主要通过对小批量制造业成本控制存在的问题进行分析,来提出相应的解决方案。     

油气生产与生态环境协调发展的对策建议

生态环境的可持续发展是制约我国经济社会可持续发展的一大"瓶颈"。我国石油工业的发展不可避免地对生态环境产生了一定的负面影响和破坏,在未来的发展过程中,应不断以创新的理念引领社会责任,加大环保力度,大力实施节能减排、清洁生产、安全生产和节约生产,扎实推进资源节约型、环境友好型企业建设,促进人与自然的和谐发展。     

The impact of production offshoring on the skill composition of manufacturing firms: evidence from Italy

In this work we explore how the international outsourcing of production impacts the skill composition of employment within Italian manufacturing firms. In particular, our aim is to assess whether the choice to offshore production activities to cheap‐labour countries implies a bias in the employment of skilled workers relative to unskilled ones.

Using a balanced panel of firms covering the period 1995–2003, we set up a counterfactual analysis in which, by using a difference‐in‐differences propensity score matching estimator, we compare the dynamics of skill demand for treated and control firms while addressing the possible problem of selection bias.

Our results identify a ‘potential’ skill bias effect of production offshoring. In particular, we find that treated firms tend to show an upward shift in the skill ratio with respect to the counterfactual sample, but coefficients are not significantly different from zero. When we look at the elements of the skill ratio separately, we find that the skill bias is driven by a fall in the employment of production workers (blue collars), rather than by the increase in the employment of non‐production workers (white collars), thus providing further evidence on the unskilled labour‐saving nature of international outsourcing.     

Fine-scale conservation planning outside of reserves: Cost-effective selection of retention patches at final harvest

Retaining forest patches at final harvest is a key conservation measure in boreal forests, but guidelines for how to increase its cost-effectiveness are lacking. In a study in boreal Sweden, we compared the cost-effectiveness of three different approaches a forest owner may use to select patches: selection based on the conservation value of patches alone, economic cost alone or both of them combined. We also compared the cost-effectiveness of six different common types of patches. Conservation value was measured as species richness of bryophytes and lichens and as structural characteristics of patches. Compared to the selection approach in which both conservation value and cost were used, cost-effectiveness was 5-14% lower when only conservation value was used, depending on how conservation value was measured. On the contrary, using only the economic cost decreased the cost-effectiveness by only 1-2%. Among the patch types, swamp forest areas and deciduous tree groups were cost-effective types to retain. However, the patch types were complementary in their species composition and all hosted unique species. We argue that, ideally, assessments of both conservation values and economic costs of retaining patches should be made prior to harvest to enable planners to make well-informed and cost-effective decisions.     

基于专用性资产视角的供应商信任治理

精益生产中最紧密层供应商为适应总装厂要求进行了大量的专用性资产投资,产生多种机会主义风险,双方通过构建信任机制进行有效的抑制。在构建中除了重视信誉、信息、风险分散、激励与约束这些常规驱动因素外,十分注重资产的专用性投资、供应商技能与规模、双方地位、共同过程分析这些特殊驱动因素。本文在研究这些信任驱动因素的内在作用机理后,建立了供应商信任治理模型。     

江苏粮食生产地域分化的耕地因素分解

以粮食产量计算模型为基础,将粮食生产分解成耕地利用的数量、结构、强度、广度4个因子.以江苏省为例,从省域-分区域-地市等不同空间尺度,分析粮食生产的耕地因子过程,比较各地粮食生产变化的差异及其耕地利用变化的成因.结果显示:1990年代中期以来,江苏粮食生产区域分化显著,南部耕地大幅减少、有限耕地的生产功能减退,导致粮食生产全面萎缩;中北部耕地利用集约度提升,粮食生产功能总体趋于强化.影响各地市粮食生产变化的主导因子各有不同:粮食单产是连云港、盐城、宿迁、扬州、泰州5市粮食增产的主导因子,结构调整是南京、徐州、南通粮食减产、淮安粮食增产的主导因素;复种指数调减是苏州、无锡粮食生产衰退的首要因子.     

中美木质林产品产业内贸易的实证研究——基于1992—2009年的进出口贸易数据

采用UNcomtrade数据库的中美木质林产品贸易数据,利用G-L指数、G-L修正指数、Aquino指数、Brülhart边际产业内贸易指数及Thom&McDowell水平型和垂直型产业内贸易指数,对1992—2009年中美木质林产品产业内贸易的水平和结构进行实证分析。结果表明:中美木质林产品产业内贸易水平总体较低,贸易方式仍以产业间贸易为主;中美木质林产品贸易的增长由产业间贸易和产业内贸易共同引发;产业内贸易方式以垂直型产业内贸易为主。