基于建筑工程工程量清单计价模式的报价模型研究

鉴于目前《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》实施以来，多数承包商在没有胄己的企业定额情况下，无法合理地投标报价，本文利用模糊数学和灰色理论等数学方法建立了相应的投标报价模型，以便于投标参与者和决策者快速、准确、客观地确定工程造价。     

Equilibrium uniqueness with perfect complements

The present note analyzes the simultaneous ascending-bid auction with arbitrarily many asymmetric bidders with decreasing marginal valuations under complete information. We show that the game is solvable by iterated elimination of weakly dominated strategies if the efficient allocation assigns at least one unit to every player and if bid increments are sufficiently small. In that unique equilibrium, bidders immediately reduce their demand to the efficient allocation, and the auction ends in the first round of bidding.We would like to thank seminar participants at UC Davis, in particular Klaus Nehring and Louis Makowski for comments. Financial support by the Alexander–von–Humboldt Foundation through a Feodor–Lynen grant and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB Transregio 15, “Governance and Efficiency of Economic Systems” is gratefully acknowledged.     

Specialists,Limit‐Order Traders,and the Components of the Bid‐Ask Spread

This study compares the components of the bid‐ask spread estimated from quotes that reflect the trading interest of specialists with those estimated from limit‐order quotes and all available quotes for a sample of New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) stocks. The results show that the adverse selection component of the spread estimated from specialist quotes is significantly smaller than the corresponding figures from limit‐order quotes and entire quotes. We interpret this as evidence that NYSE specialists transfer at least a part of adverse selection costs to outsiders through the discretionary use of limit orders. Our results show that the estimation/interpretation of the components of the spread using quote data that include both specialist and limit‐order interests is problematic.     

浅议如何进行园林工程投标

园林企业通过参与投标成为承揽工程的主要手段。但是园林工程的投标竞争非常激烈。本文就园林企业在参与园林工程投标时,在投标一些关键时期应做的工作及其工作要点进行一些探讨。     

The liquidity effects associated with addition of a stock to the S&P 500 index: evidence from bid/ask spreads

This study examines changes in stock liquidity, as measured by the bid/ask spread, when a stock is added to the S&P 500 Index. The paper presents evidence of a significant decrease in the bid/ask spread upon S&P 500 addition, however, this effect is limited to only those stocks that were not trading listed options. Further, the decrease in the bid/ask spread for nonoptioned stocks is accompanied by a significant and permanent increase in share price and trading volume. While optioned stocks experience a permanent increase in trading volume, they experience only a temporary increase in share price. The findings for optioned stocks support the hypothesis that the price and volume effects associated with S&P 500 addition derive from temporary price pressure. Findings pertaining to the nonoptioned stocks indicate that the price and volume effects associated with S&P addition reflect enhanced stock liquidity. The decrease in the bid/ask spread for nonoptioned stocks is attributed to informational efficiencies achieved via index arbitrage trading, and it is argued that this effect is mitigated for optioned stocks due to the pre-existence of arbitrage trading between the option and the underlying stock.     

招投标中的博弈与决策

博弈论研究方法是从复杂的现象中抽象出基本的元素,对这些元素构成的数学模型进行分析,而后逐步引入对其形势产生影响的其他因素,从而分析其结果。本文通过对招投标实例进行数学模型分析,使丙公司最终做出了科学的决策,赢得了竞争。     

企业在线拍购风险防范问题研究

作为电子采购方式之一的在线拍购因其可以扩大供应源、缩短采购周期及明显降低采购成本等优势而被越来越多企业所关注,但其中的风险却并未引起足够的认识和注意。在线拍购的风险可以分为事前、事中和事后三种情况,相应地,企业在拍购前的准备,拍购过程以及随后的工作中也应实行与之相对应的防范措施,只有这样,在线拍购才能真正成为现代化采购的有利工具。     

Bid Design Effects in Multiple Bounded Discrete Choice Contingent Valuation

A potential concern in multiple bounded discrete choice contingent valuation surveys – where the respondent is asked to express voting certainty, rather than a simple yes or no, on a large number of payment amounts (bids) – is whether responses are influenced by the particular position of bids in the bid-voting panel rather than solely on the respondents willingness to pay (WTP). For instance, respondents may systematically state they would pay the first few bid amounts and not pay all subsequent bids – regardless of the actual dollar values. Such systematic bid design effects would suggest that this method does not provide a valid measure of WTP. Using a split-sample survey, we compare responses to three different bid arrays that have an identical minimum bid, maximum bid, and number of bids. Using nonparametric estimation techniques, we find that estimated WTP distributions and corresponding welfare measures are not statistically different across survey samples.     

招投标阶段施工企业的风险分析与防范

运用系统工程原理,针对工程招投标阶段施工企业面临的风险进行分析,侧重于评标方法和合同风险分析,力求探索出系统背后的结构,并在此基础上提出了不同情况下施工企业应对风险的措施。