Strategic factor markets,scale free resources,and economic performance: The impact of product market rivalry

This paper analyzes how scale free resources, which can be acquired by multiple firms simultaneously and deployed against one another in product market competition, will be priced in strategic factor markets, and what the consequences are for the acquiring firms' performance. Based on a game‐theoretic model, it shows how the impact of strategic factor markets on economic profits is influenced by product market rivalry, preexisting competitive (dis)advantages, and the interaction of acquired resources with those preexisting asymmetries. New insights include the result that resource suppliers will aim at (and largely succeed in) setting resource prices so that the acquiring firms earn negative strategic factor market profits—sacrificing some of their preexisting market power rents—by acquiring resources that they know to be overpriced. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Unlikely Pivotal States in Competitive Free Trade Agreement Diffusion: The Effect of Japan's Trans-Pacific Partnership Participation on Asia-Pacific Regional Integration

How can a state with dysfunctional trade politics spur the negotiation of major free trade agreements (FTAs)? Using the case of Japan's participation in the trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), we develop an analytical framework on FTA diffusion that takes into account multidimensional (economic, legal and political) competitive pressures, and the ability of states to act as pivots in triggering FTA cascades. We disaggregate the makeup of a pivotal state into two main components – capability and credibility – and underscore Japan's significant latent capabilities, but also its serious credibility shortcomings. The TPP's boost to Japan's credibility raised the possibility of significant economic, legal and political externalities for specific countries which responded by accelerating FTA initiatives that had long stalled: the trilateral China–Japan–Korea FTA, a 16-state East Asian FTA and the Japan–European Union trade negotiations. This study extends the theoretical frontier in policy diffusion studies by clarifying the combination of factors that allows some states, but not others, to activate the externalities behind the dissemination of defensive FTAs.     

商业秘密保护若干问题分析--以中青旅与中国旅案为例

在市场竞争中,商业秘密作为一项无体信息为企业发展增添了很多优势。但商业秘密侵权中,对于商业秘密的认定、举证责任的分配,以及侵权损害赔偿额的认定等却愈来愈模糊,《反不正当竞争法》在对商业秘密的保护上问题也是日趋增多。因此,我国需要在个案中减轻权利人的举证责任,引入权利人对于损害赔偿的自由选择权,增加惩罚性赔偿制度。     

管理层持股、自由现金流与企业过度投资行为研究

在现代企业制度下,通过管理层持股将股东与管理层之间的堑壕效应转化为利益协同效应,能有效减少管理层的过度投资行为。通过实证研究发现,管理层持股与企业过度投资—自由现金流存在二次曲线关系,过度投资对自由现金流的敏感性与管理层持股呈正U型关系。当管理层持股达到一定比例时,企业过度投资对自由现金流敏感度最低,对企业抑制过度投资的作用最大。     

韩国自由经济区发展演化过程及启示

自由经济区作为经济全球化和区域经济一体化的产物,近年来已变成加快各国尤其是发展中国家经济发展的增长极、城市化的驱动力以及制度创新的重要平台。东北亚地区是世界上仅次于北美、欧盟的第三大经济区,并已经成为全球重要的制造业中心。作为具备连接东北亚大陆和海洋区位优势的新兴工业化国家,韩国自由经济区不仅是本国实现经济发展目标,扩大贸易以及增加就业,优化产业结构的重要途径,还是参与经济全球化与区域经济一体化的重要手段。国内外学者的相关研究集中在韩国自由经济区的成本效益分析、理论基础以及对比分析等方面,有关其发展演化规律及动力机制仍然缺少系统性的归纳与研究。文章采用文献归纳、案例分析等方法,依据经济地理、贸易理论、系统发展演化理论总结归纳了韩国自由经济区由加工制造型向科技型、综合型和跨国区域经济一体化发展演化的规律及模式;在此基础上分析了推动韩国自由经济区发展演化的国际环境、国内政策、区内条件和区外条件等动力因素;最后分析探讨了韩国自由经济区演化规律及动力机制对我国建设自由贸易区的参考意义。     

Nonparametric Evaluation of Economies of Scope in the Context of Technical Efficiency: The Case of Rice and Vegetable Farms in Korea

This paper provides a nonparametric evaluation of economies of scope in the context of technical efficiency allowing for non‐convexity, with an application to Korean rice and vegetable farms. Relying on non‐parametric‐free disposal hull and data envelopment analysis approaches and input–output data for rice and vegetable farms from the Korea Farm Household Economy Survey data collected in 2007, this article examines technical inefficiency and its decomposition under non‐convexity and convexity. Empirical measures of technical inefficiency and its decomposition results are provided, with a focus on a component of technical inefficiency associated with economies of scope (i.e. diversification benefits) under non‐convexity in production technology. The decomposition measures of technical inefficiency include pure technical inefficiency, size inefficiency and diversification inefficiency. The results provide empirical evidence supporting size‐dependent diversification strategies, where benefits of diversification are larger for small farms on average compared to those of large farms.     

内陆自由贸易港的属性及建设内容和路径——兼析重庆自贸试验区建设经验

自由贸易港是目前全球开放水平最高的自由贸易区,内陆自由贸易试验区应向内陆自由贸易港升级。中国内陆自由贸易港应具有“自由贸易园区”“试验区”和“内陆港”的属性,需要构建多式联运的国际通道体系及其高效运营机制,形成内陆港协同开放体系,整合和拓展开放型经济功能区,打造营商环境最为便利和开放水平最高的内陆开放平台,“内陆枢纽港→内陆开放经济高地→内陆改革开放示范区→内陆自由贸易港”是其可行的建设路径。当前中国内陆自由贸易试验区整体处于从内陆枢纽港向内陆开放经济高地发展的初期阶段,要着力建成以国际陆上大通道为核心的对外综合交通物流网络,持续创新海关监管协同机制,重点突破开放型经济功能区的建设瓶颈,不断探索以陆上国际贸易规则为核心的制度创新。     

The Pragmatic and Ethical Barriers to Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: The Nike Case

Numerous studies have documented the demand for information regarding corporations’ relationships to society. Much recent research has demonstrated why stakeholders need this information, and how it benefits both companies and the public. These studies suggest numerous methods by which companies can effectively disclose corporate social responsibility (CSR) information to the public, but in practice, reporting this type of information is fraught with legal and ethical uncertainty often unexplored in most literature. This article represents a fresh analysis of the numerous pragmatic consequences and legal and ethical complications inherent in CSR reporting, using Nike Corporation as a case example. The article discusses the theoretical viewpoints surrounding the ethics of CSR disclosure, and presents the case of Nike and the complications it encountered while advertising CSR information. The article ends with an analysis of CSR auditing as a possible solution to companies seeking to improve the method and transparency of social responsibility reporting.     

如何实现环境保护与贸易自由化的协调发展

从环境与贸易的相互影响可以看出,环境问题的根本原因在于环境成本未能内部化而非自由贸易的影响。所以要实现两者的协调发展,必须通过对环境资源的合理定价和产权界定实现环境外部性内部化;对于产权难以界定的环境资源,由政府制定适当的环境政策、标准加以解决;对于相当一部分全球性的或跨境转移的环境问题,则通过国际合作加以协调,处理好环境保护与自由贸易的关系,从而促进各国的可持续发展。     

中国-东盟贸易自由化的博弈分析

文章应用博弈论研究中国-东盟贸易自由化问题。首先通过静态博弈模型分析了中国应当采取"合作"和"首先行动"策略的原因。其次,分别建立了两阶段和三阶段动态博弈模型,阐释了中国-东盟之间需要签订书面协议的重要性,并应用关税博弈模型说明了自由贸易区内中国和东盟双方应以零关税率为合作的最终目标。最后,根据实际数据对理论模型进行了分析和验证。