Welfare Implications of Community Forest Plantations in Developing Countries: The Orissa Social Forestry Project

Community forest plantations are a common intervention in developing countries. We use household and remote sensing data from Orissa, India, to estimate welfare effects of community forest plantations, in terms of the value of decreased collection times plantations afford users. A selection model, accounting for possible jointness in site location and productivity, is used to estimate collection production functions for different household labor categories in natural and community forests. Two measures of an opportunity cost of time are used to determine welfare effects of time saved due to community forests. We find access to community forests is important to marginal productivity of different labor categories, but to different degrees, highlighting the need to disaggregate household data when analyzing these interventions. We also find substantial welfare improvements from time savings for many households and villages.     

非食用生物质制燃料乙醇的研究现状

生物质能源是清洁的可再生的能源,目前以非食用生物质为原料来制取可再生的新能源——燃料乙醇受到了越来越多研究者的关注。重点介绍了从纤维素类生物质制备燃料乙醇的发展现状及关键工艺,指出了其广阔的发展前景。     

垃圾气化处理新技术研究

垃圾是一种有价值的燃料来源，垃圾气化所产生的燃气，具有较高的热值，既能燃烧发电，又可用于采暖、供城市燃气。首先介绍了垃圾气化技术的国内外研究及应用现状，然后介绍了一种利用生物质粉体燃料为热能的外加热式垃圾气化炉的工艺流程。     

基于自回归模型的新能源汽车保有量预测

在当今低碳经济背景下,发展新能源汽车成为节能减排的重要途径。本文结合新能源技术的发展情况、国家政策导向以及运用一阶自回归模型计算出的2010—2015年的汽车保有量,预测了未来5年新能源汽车的保有量。这种增加了技术和政策因素做出的预测分析比以往单纯用模型公式计算会更加有可靠性。     

管输混合及贮存对汽油和柴油质量的影响

通过汽、柴油成品的混合及贮存试验,研究了发动机燃料在管道输送及贮存过程中,不同品牌产品混合后对实物质量和贮存稳定性产生的影响。对轻质燃料油成品管输及贮存提出了建议。     

Driving on liquid sunshine – the Brazilian biofuel experience: a policy driven analysis

This paper analyses Brazil's experience with biofuels, focusing on the central role of the federal government as the main force driving the implementation of alternative locally produced ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and biodiesel. The pioneering, large scale ethanol programme that started over 30 years ago can be considered the most successful experience with the use of biofuels to date, as the government was able to rapidly implement the use of ethanol (ethyl alcohol) as a substitute for petrol in the 1970s and 1980s. The work contributes to the general discussion of sustainable and renewable energy sources and sets out the key policy mechanisms used. The paper also innovatively looks at the second large governmental intervention in the renewable fuels market – the biodiesel programme. In addition to the contribution to the debate surrounding command‐and‐control measures and economic incentive instruments, the paper analyses how lessons learned from the ethanol experiment were taken into consideration in the design and implementation of the biodiesel mandate, including social and environmental facets. It emphasizes the uniqueness of producing sugarcane ethanol in the Brazilian context and how attempts to carry out similar fast growing biofuels programmes may not be possible in other parts of the world. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

燃料乙醇产业的经济学分析

中国经济发展凸显能源问题,作为一种新型可替代能源,燃料乙醇产业的发展令人瞩目,国内燃料乙醇产能扩大已经成为无法阻挡的趋势。中国燃料乙醇的生产技术、原料、供应、产业开发、政府扶持政策等方面都有了初步起色,具有乐观的经济前景。     

国内航运企业燃油成本管控现状及对策分析

从物流工程管理的基本理论出发,结合国内外燃油市场的形势和航运业的特点,对国内某大型集装箱航运公司燃油成本管控现状进行分析,并提出了适合国内航运企业的燃油成本管控策略。     

The fossil episode

Agriculture sector output (biocarbon) is a good substitute for oil in energy production but oil cannot be used as food. This one-way substitutability is analyzed in a dynamic general equilibrium model. It features three endogenous phases: a pure fossil, a mixed fossil and biocarbon and an absorbing biocarbon fuel only phase. In the latter two, the demand for biocarbon as fuel leads to increasing food prices. Depending on how easily capital and labor can reallocate, food prices increase by between 40% and 240%. The model is also used to analyze climate consequences of biocarbon fuel polices and of the shale revolution.