乡村旅游开发下农户生计适应变化与影响机理研究*——以延安市乡村旅游为例

［目的］以延安市3个典型乡村旅游地为例,结合可持续生计分析框架和适应性理论,分析农户在乡村旅游扰动下的适应策略与适应模式,定量测度不同适应模式农户的适应结果。厘清农户未来生计策略选择的影响因素及其机制,提出促进农户及乡村旅游地可持续发展的对策。［方法］通过参与性农户评估法及二元回归分析法分析影响农户未来生计策略选择的因素。［结果］（1）旅游开发造成案例地农户自然资本丧失,失地农户由务农或务工为主的单一适应方式向兼业型与非农型转变,分化为4种不同类型的农户,且各类农户在各描述指标方面差异显著。（2）农户的生计资本衡量3个社区旅游开发后的适应结果,生计资本普遍较低且内部各维度差异明显。对比4类农户适应结果可得：复合生计型>务工主导型>旅游服务型>社会保障型。（3）通过二元逻辑回归模型深入解释当下适应结果对农户未来生计策略选择的影响,物质资本、金融资本和社会资本均影响农户选择意愿,其中可借款人数是最关键的影响变量。［结论］农户在旅游开发背景下生计动态适应的影响机制为旅游开发及基于此补偿制度是农户现在生计适应活动的外部起因,按照适应类型以及收入比重,分化为4种模式农户; 现行生计适应策略使农户适应结果迥异,生计资本的储量和结构差异显著,这种差异是农户未来生计选择的直接动因; 3个社区不同类型的旅游开发模式是农户未来生计策略选择分异的推动力量。     

人类命运共同体面向的新型国际合作理论

国际关系中的国际合作理论经历了三次转向。第一次转向是从权宜性合作向着国际机制理论转向,或称"国际政治经济学转向"。第二次转向是共同体合作概念的"国际政治社会学转向"。第三次转向更多地发生在非西方国际关系学界,不妨称为"跨文化转向",其本质上是适应多元一体、伦理本位的国际体系。20世纪中后期以来逐渐积累特别是由2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎全球性大暴发所进一步加剧的人类"大危机"意识,对全球治理与国际合作等都提出了新的要求,实际上需要西方主导的国际关系理论"向东看""向外看",在多文明包容和伦理本位的视野下推动无政府状态体系逻辑向半政府状态体系逻辑转换,由自助转向扶助,从未来世界、古代历史、现代实践和东西合璧中探寻人类政治合作的新形式。扶助不仅盛行于古代东亚国际体系,而且体现在不少现代大国的分散性行为中。在人类命运共同体理念不断加强的新时代,可以为新一轮全球治理提供国际合作的方案与智慧。     

价值与路径:筑牢疫情防控命运共同体

面对新型冠状病毒肺炎的突袭,尽管全球在抗疫起初表现出正反两种态度和行为,但世界各国伴随抗疫实践的深入而对珍爱健康、休戚与共、合作共赢等全球治理理念作了深度反省和逐渐共识,进一步表明筑牢疫情防控命运共同体是历史的必然、国际的呼声。从时代价值来讲,筑牢疫情防控命运共同体进一步加强了人与自然和谐共生的自然命运共同体意识,夯实了团结统一的民族命运共同体,推动了人类命运共同体的新高度。从实践路径来讲,要树立人民群众战疫胜利信心,筑牢人民群众抗疫共同体;完善疫情防控的制度机制,提升政府公共卫生治理能力;加强疫情防控国际合作,推进人类健康命运共同体。     

Values,gender and attitudes towards environmental policy: A study of future managers

This study explores if the value priorities and their impact on future managers' attitudes towards environmental responsibilities vary with gender. While relevant prior studies mostly focus on gender‐based variations of individuals' personal values in developed economies, we concentrate on both personal values and pro‐environmental attitudes in an emerging economy. This study is built on MBA students (a proxy for future managers) in India since India is characterized as a male‐dominated society and a producer of larger number of MBA graduates. Overall, our results show that personal values and attitude towards environmental responsibilities do not vary significantly with gender. Only two values (among the 21 values) and one value type (out of 10 values) get significantly higher ranking from females compared with males. Further, although ‘universalism’ and ‘benevolence’ are found to have a statistically significant impact on respondents' attitude towards environmental responsibility, the latter is invariant to the respondents' gender. Our findings may indicate India's transformation from a male‐dominated society towards a more gender‐balanced society. These findings can be used to operationalize a pro‐environmental recruitment policy and to formulate strategies to improve female participation in MBA cohorts of business schools.     

上海期货交易所期铜跨期套利方法

本文通过对价差现象产生的原因以及上海期货交易所期铜两年多来SCF2与SCF6价差的统计分析,总结出一套较为完整的跨期套利方法,最后,作者根据多年来从事期货交易的实践,对交易中应注意的问题进行了论述。     

Macro Liquidity Risk,Money Growth,and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns: The Case of Korea

According to the homogeneity of money holding purpose, we decompose the broad money M2 into an underlying and a non-underlying part and propose innovations in future non-underlying M2 growth as a proxy for macro liquidity. In both the cross-sectional regression tests and the GMM tests, we find that risk related to innovations in future non-underlying M2 growth is strongly significantly priced in Korea, after controlling for the well-known risk factors and other macroeconomic variables. Meanwhile, risk related to innovations in future aggregate or underlying M2 growth is insignificantly priced. These results indicate that non-underlying M2 growth more directly affects macro liquidity than does aggregate or underlying M2 growth.     

Energy-efficient ＆ Eco-friendly Autos Become the Focus

In the year of 2006, China produced and sold over 7.2 million automobiles, representing a year-on-year growth of more than 25%. In this regard, China has become .the second largest market only to the U.S. for new autos. By the end of last year, the w total amount of autos owned by China stood around 40 million, and it was predicted that this figure would roar to 70 million 3 years later.[第一段]     

煤粉加压气化技术及在洁净煤领域的应用前景

本文介绍了煤粉加压气化工艺技术和工艺指标,并就其广阔的应用前景做了阐述。     

Regional differences in residential demand for very high bandwidth broadband internet in 2025

The future demand for data and the role of gigabit networks are central issues in the context of Next Generation Access (NGA) network roll-out. Based on a generic model, which allows to predict unconstrained future broadband demand in different regions and countries, the authors compare the results for Germany, the UK and the Flemish region, and discuss reasons for the different outcomes. The generic market potential model thereby allows to project the future demand for bandwidth from residential customers on the basis of applications and their bandwidth needs, user profiles and population structure on a household level. Despite a general trend towards an increasing need for broadband, there are clear differences. On the one hand, these point to the relevance of socio-demographic factors for broadband adoption. On the other hand, the relatively high proportion of refusals shows that there is still a need for further educational work on the part of public authorities and providers. Finally, it has to be stated, that our forecast relies on the assumption that connectivity and thus that the availability of area-wide gigabit capable broadband access does not represent a bottleneck.