战略联盟组织的稳定性、组织治理与信用约束机制

本文运用博弈论的分析框架分析了战略联盟组织不稳定性的原因在于战略联盟组织的中间组织性质所导致的战略联盟组织对机会主义行为约束的弱化,进而揭示了战略联盟组织稳定的关键在于组织内成员的博弈支付结构和博弈者对未来的预期。在此基础上,从组织治理结构的角度提出了稳定战略联盟组织应建立有效的信用约束机制的结论,阐述了这一机制的目标和内容,并针对我国战略联盟组织所面临的问题提出了相应的对策。     

Parking futures: Preparing European cities for the advent of automated vehicles

The introduction of automated vehicles (AVs) is a virtual certainty. Much less certain is the timing of their introduction and how rapid the transition to full automation will be. Various governments are already working to facilitate this shift by, for example, amending and elaborating regulations to support the introduction of AVs, or supporting tests in different urban environments. Meanwhile, urban and regional planners and decision-makers are still grappling with the uncertainties and differing opinions about the possible impacts of AVs on land-use changes and location choices, particularly in relation to the space available for vehicles, both moving (i.e. roadspace) and stationary (i.e. parking space). This paper uses a backcasting approach to identify critical policy decisions and measures to be taken before the implementation of AVs, so as to achieve a more desirable, attractive and high-quality city. These policy measures primarily relate to the reuse and reallocation of parking and roadspace. Two strategic decisions are found to be essential to meet the major goals of sustainable and liveable cities: a clear commitment to a shared mobility and the delimitation of Core Attractive Mixed-use Spaces (CAMS). In order to deliver these desired urbanisation patterns, a set of three policy paths, involving eight policy packages, is proposed for the next 20–30 years. This article provides urban and regional decision-makers with examples of interventions that can be implemented beyond and during the implementation of AVs.     

国外女性创业研究的历程、动态与发展趋势

在过去二十多年时间中,全球女性创业发展十分迅速,对女性创业的研究也由此成为了学术界新的热点。研究内容从早期关注女性创业家的个体特征和创业动机扩展到资源获取、创业管理、创业绩效、社会网络、工作与家庭冲突等各个方面。本文首先回顾了国外女性创业研究的历程,并把它分为了萌芽、基础和发展三个阶段;其次,围绕个体、组织和环境三个层面对女性创业的研究动态进行文献疏理;最后,对女性创业研究将来可能的发展趋势做了展望。     

构建"科创+制造"双元动力 ——国际城市经济发展经验对北京的启示

中国都市圈内的核心城市一直向周边地区疏解低端制造业,聚焦发展高精尖产业,着力打造创新型城市。数字经济的繁荣发展,更是为城市经济更新提供了新机遇。本文分析了全球城市经济转型发展与产业创新的趋势和经验,认为城市创新产业的选择应该强调经济属性,并且处于工业化中后期的国内大型城市需要警惕其他国际大都市曾经经历的产业空心化风险,避免城市经济发展路径的简单对标和经验依赖。北京应着重构建以“科创+制造”为双元动力的发展模式,促进数字科技与实体产业深度融合,重塑城市经济的竞争力。在城市产业选择方面,要促进基础技术和通用技术创新,构建全产业链竞争力,培育更多的行业隐形冠军企业。     

河北省夏玉米需水量变化特征及未来可能趋势

基于1963—2015年近50年间河北省夏玉米主产区8个气象站点气象资料,采用联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)推荐的Penman-Monteith模型和作物系数法计算夏玉米需水量,再结合《IPCC排放情景特别报告》中的两种排放情景RCP2.6(低排放情景)和RCP8.5(持续排放情景)预估的未来气候情景,探讨气候变化下未来河北省夏玉米需水量的时空演变规律。结果表明:1963—2015年河北省夏玉米需水量呈现下降趋势,在空间上大致以黄骅为高值中心,由东北向西南逐渐递减,并在邢台形成低值中心的分布特征;从未来气候变化情景来看,相对于基准时段(2015年),RCP2.6和RCP8.5情景下,在2020年、2030年、2050年、2070年未来4个典型年份夏玉米的需水量均表现出增加的特征。     

美军未来地面运输装备前瞻

现代科技与人类创造力的完善结合创造出许多极富想象力的现代机械,文章介绍了四种将在未来装备美军的地面运输装备,包括未来战斗系统中的后勤机器人车辆、未来战术卡车系统、机械外骨骼、仿生学机器人,它们不仅是可以高效完成战场运输任务的运输机械．更是美军科研创新体制先进性的证明,其研发思路和功能运用对我军相关研究具有启示和借鉴作用。     

生态旅游的兴起和研究进展

本文探讨了生态旅游产生的历史背景,起源和发展,并解释了其涵义,提出了完整的定义,最后论述了生态旅游的五大特点,生态性,高品味性,二重性,可持续性和自然超味性,最后分析了生态旅游的研究进展。     

Time orientation and construal level: effects on eating and exercising behaviour and preferences

Eating and exercising behaviour are both characterized by immediate and future consequences. Consequently, consideration of these consequences (i.e. time orientation) predicts eating and exercising behaviour. We investigate whether construal level acts as an underlying mechanism of these relations. Students (N = 101) completed measures of consideration of immediate and future consequences (i.e. CFC‐food and CFC‐exercise), construal level, eating and exercising behaviour and preferences. For self‐reported eating and exercising behaviour, only direct effects of consideration of immediate and future consequences were found. For eating preferences, however, there was evidence of an indirect effect through construal level. A stronger tendency to consider future consequences led to a stronger preference for utilitarian (as compared with hedonic) food products through a more abstract construal level. All in all, construal level partially explains the differential relations between consideration of immediate and future consequences and eating and exercising behaviour and preferences.     

智能城市创新生态系统发展研究

探讨了智能城市与城市创新之间的关系,在给出改进三螺旋模型和未来互联网发展内涵的基础上,总括出智能城市创新生态系统发展的实现机制,构建了以政府、企业、大学（研究机构）为主体要素的智能城市创新创新生态系统,提出了城市创新生态系统构建的途径和政策保障,为深化我国城市向着国际生态智慧型城市发展提供了新视角。     

The nexus between sustainable practices in hotels and future Gen Y hospitality students’ career path decisions

This study explored tertiary hospitality students’ attitudes and overall perceptions about green and sustainable practices; and how these may impact their future career paths in the hotel industry. A thematic analysis with data from 12 semi-structured interviews with students in a hotel management school in Australia was used to identify patterns and interpretive themes. Results revealed positive attitudes among Generation Y hospitality students towards working in a green and sustainable hotel environment. Implications highlight the need for sustainability education in the curriculum of tertiary education providers and strong emphasis on sustainability practices in employee training programs. The results also suggest possible impacts of sustainability practices in recruiting and hiring in the hospitality industry and how this may affect future hospitality employees and leaders.