收入分配差距偏大的主要因素和消费需求牵扯

伴随着经济的高速发展,近年来,我国出现了收入分配差距偏大的经济现象,其主要因素是劳动收入偏低,收入分配差距偏大导致了我国宏观经济失衡的一个痼疾——总消费需求不足。收入分配差距偏大和总消费需求不足是一对孪生子,其产生的核心机制是古典产权制度下的工资市场定价。要缩小收入分配差距,实现共同富裕,必须转变经济发展方式,实行一系列面对市场的改革。     

Gender Employment Disparities,Financialization, and Profitability Dynamics on the Eve of Italy's Post-2008 Crisis

This study explores aggregate profitability in Italy from 1994 to 2008 in its connection with structural change and gender employment disparities. Using decomposition analysis, the study finds that aggregate profit rate declined, but the profit share did not. Male variables – such as earnings, output, employment, and working hours – tended to have more weight than female ones in explaining aggregate outcomes. Structural change also played a major role, as the economy specialized in sectors with falling real wages and wage shares, especially the financial sector and construction. Further falls in the wage share and widening wage gaps may not guarantee a rise in profitability. This result entails that “neo-mercantilist” approaches to solve the crisis might only prepare the next crisis, while a coordinated expansion of demand could be more successful. Moreover, gender issues should not be neglected in terms of favoring women's employment and entrepreneurship.     

WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF HOUSEWORK ON THE MARKET WAGE,AND CAN IT EXPLAIN THE GENDER WAGE GAP?

Abstract Does housework reduce the market wage, and if so, does it have a similar impact for males and females? In this paper, we survey and evaluate the recent and growing empirical literature on the linkages between housework and the wage rate. The review is motivated by unexplained gender wage gaps across studies, which consider personal and market‐related factors. We focus on this less‐studied aspect of wage determination. We consider the required modelling framework, and provide standardized estimated effects of housework on the hourly wage across studies. We evaluate how this literature has addressed potential estimation problems, in particular, the endogeneity of housework, concavity of the housework–wage function, threshold effects and work effort effects. We conclude that the evidence across ordinary least squares, instrumental variable, fixed effects and two‐stage least squares results casts serious doubt on the idea that the negative female housework–wage relationship is only driven by endogeneity bias or individual‐specific characteristics. Yet, much more needs to be done to address modelling and data requirements, and we point out likely and promising future research directions.     

基于生命周期的虚拟企业知识活动分析及其伙伴选择过程研究

随着新经济的到来,知识越来越成为企业快速响应市场机遇和获取竞争优势的最短缺资源。而企业自身知识资源的有限性使企业越来越多地采用虚拟企业的高级形态——知识联盟型虚拟企业来弥补企业知识资源的不足以快速响应变化的市场需求。首先对知识联盟型虚拟企业的知识缺口类型进行研究和划分,然后分析并描述虚拟企业生命周期各阶段的知识活动;在此基础之上,探讨虚拟企业组建阶段考虑知识要素的伙伴选择过程;最后,针对不同的知识缺口,提出伙伴选择过程的评价指标体系设计中应考虑的知识性因素。     

关于中国劳动力工资、产业结构和收入差距的实证研究

本文基于GTAP模型,模拟了中国劳动力工资水平的外生上涨对社会贫富差距以及劳动密集型产业转移的影响。通过研究发现：非熟练劳动力密集型产业的普通工人工资的外生上涨无助于解决中国的收入差距问题,反而非熟练劳动力密集型产业在国际间的转移,会使中国有了更高的失业率,甚至有可能使收入差距扩大。     

Convergence since the Second World War: Blind Alleys and Misplaced Expectations

Abstract

The gap in income between the richest and the poorest countries is very large and increasing. But as we probe deeper the picture becomes less clear regarding the facts and more so the conceptual basis of the analysis. The growing gap hides substantial progress in most welfare indicators for most of the world's population. The theory beyond the expectations of convergence seems inadequate, especially for the case of Sub-Saharan Africa.     

Analysis on Balance Gap between Saving and Credit Account in China

In China, the balance gap of credit and saving account emerged in 1995, and its amount enlarged since then. By the end of Dec. 2005, with 28.7 trillion RMB saving balance and 19.5 trillion RMB gross credit account balance, the gap between saving and credit account was as large as 9.2 trillion RMB, which indicated a 67.8% of credit/saving ratio. Some believed this phenomenon was resulted from on one hand, the rapid growth of saving account; and on the other hand, relatively slower expanding of credit account. Some believed cooling down cash demand was behind the gap, while others claimed the balance gap caused dead capital and inefficiency service of saving account. In fact, the balance gap between credit and saving account might not necessarily relate to dead bank capital. And the phenomenon itself could not indicate the down-tendency of finance power that underlay economy. Nevertheless, it was liquidity not the balance gap should be regarded an index of capital situation in financial organizations. Therefore the balance gap between saving account and credit account could not be viewed as criteria against liquidity position. Solution of this problem should lay in boosting financial innovation among commercial banks, expending capital market and encouraging or permitting commercial banks as well as state-owed funds to enter share market and so on.     

我国不同地区金融发展与居民收入分配差距影响实证分析

通过实证分析，探究东中西部以及东北部典型地区间居民收入差距情况，研究各地区金融发展与居民收入分配差距的关系，有利于研究国家在实施东部率先发展、中部崛起、西部大开发、振兴东北老工业基地战略中面临的问题以及取得的成果和不足之处，了解我国部分地区的国情和现状。     

非农就业机会不平等对地区间农村收入差距的影响分析

文章通过建立农村收入模型，分析了东、中、西部地区间的农村收入差距。分析结果表明，农村地区间的工资性收入差距是构成农村收入差距的重要因素。区域间农村工业化发展水平和城市非农部门发展水平差异所造成的非农就业机会的不平等，以及农民在获得非农就业机会能力上的差异是导致地区间农村工资性收入差距的主要原因。     

缩小贫富差距的科学性和现实性评估

十二五时期,需要正确看待、评估贫富差距问题,全面把握贫富差距的成因。缩小贫富差距,应推进国民收入初次、二次、三次分配制度建设,建立完善的居民收入与消费统计制度。缩小贫富差距,关键在于调高保低。在调高保低的过程中,应准确把握两个关键问题:取缔非法收入促进社会公平正义,努力提高农村居民劳动收入水平。