新粤浙管道工程管材采购质量控制措施与建议

针对新粤浙管道工程的特点,在对川气东送管道工程的管材采购经验进行总结的基础上,从管材标准制定、供应商管理、全过程质量控制及科学管理的角度,对采购质量控制问题进行了探讨,并提出了加强管材采购质量控制的措施和建议。     

轻烃装置扩域生产液化石油气工艺研究与生产

利用模拟软件对轻烃装置生产液化石油气进行可行性分析,并通过工艺改造提高精馏塔设计压力及处理能力、用模拟软件计算工艺参数,最终生产出符合国家标准的液化石油气。     

超声流量计自诊断技术在天然气计量中的应用

随着超声流量计在天然气计量领域的广泛应用,其自诊断技术也不断得到改进,为流量计现场计量的准确、可靠提供了保障。详细阐述了超声流量计的主要技术指标,以及波形图、增益值、信号质量、信噪比、流速特性等主要自诊断方法,还对声速核查法进行了介绍。有效利用超声流量计的自诊断与维护技术,不仅能确保流量计处于良好的运行状态、准确计量,也可核查计量系统中压力、温度和组分变化。     

关于天然气组成分析比对工作的探讨

2006年中国石油股份公司勘探与生产分公司组织相关实验室对管输天然气样品进行了组成分析比对工作。对本次比对工作的建立和运作进行了总结,并介绍了组成分析比对工作的概况,总结了比对分析统计结果。本次比对工作的开展,对促进参加实验室天然气组成分析水平的提高起到了积极地推动作用,其结论和建议对今后进行天然气组成比对分析工作具有一定的参考意义。     

美国煤层气产业化的成功经验与启示

文章介绍了中、美两国煤层气产业发展的概况,剖析了美国煤层气产业取得成功的原因,并就中、美两国煤层气产业发展的动因、资源基础、地质条件、产业政策作了对比分析。美国煤层气产业发展对我国煤层气开发利用的启示:中国必须大力发展煤层气产业。因此,需大力加强管网等基础设施建设;加强对煤层气开发利用的基础理论研究和科技攻关;同时,政府必须加大对煤层气产业发展的扶持力度。     

Alternatives to local content requirements in resource-rich countries

This paper discusses whether and to what extent resource-rich developing countries should introduce local content policies, i.e. requirements to include local inputs in petroleum extraction activities of multinational corporations. We argue that local content needs to be seen as a public expenditure question, since local content requirements increase multinational costs, and hence reduce the taxes which can be extracted from these companies. This implies that there are opportunity costs in imposing local content requirements, since the forgone taxes can be used in others ways which could potentially do more to improve development prospects. Moreover, past experiences of resource-rich developing countries suggest that local content policies can exacerbate key problems of patronage and rent-seeking which resource rents generate, increasing the chance that the resource wealth will prevent rather than help development. These arguments suggest that an optimal local content policy in the context of flawed institutions is a more limited one than those typically pursued by developing countries with recently discovered petroleum reserves. Using qualitative data from Tanzania, a country with recent discoveries of substantial natural gas deposits, we analyze why local content tends to become such a central issue in debates and policy processes, despite its potentially problematic aspects.     

世界天然气资源状况及贸易格局分析

世界天然气资源的资源量、生产量、消费量、贸易量都在稳步增长。价格也随石油价格的暴涨而上涨。天然气作为石油替代能源,在能源资源中的地位越来越重要。世界天然气资源主要集中在中东、俄罗斯等少数国家和地区,由于各种原因,其贸易尚未形成一个有效的全球市场,不安定因素依然存在。如价格波动、资源争夺和垄断、价格上涨等都会对天然气工业和贸易的正常发展带来一定的负面影响。     

对开发天然气能量计量技术的认识

天然气能量计量是法制计量,故H的测量也属于法制计量;目前尚未建立H测量的量值溯源链,应充分重视准确度优于0.5％的认证级标准气混合物（RGM）的研制与定值;利用进口的认证级RGM建立H测量的溯源链也涉及大量配套工作,大型天然气生产企业有必要建立准确度优于0.5％的燃烧法发热量直接测量装置。完成上述技术开发必须融入全球计量（互认）体系,完成上述技术开发的同时必须完善相应的标准体系。     

Australia's coal seam gas boom and the LNG entry result

Queensland experienced extraordinary growth in booked 2P coal seam gas (CSG) reserves, rising from 3,400 PJ in 2005 to 41,200 PJ in 2013. Given annual domestic consumption of ca. 700 PJ/a, 2P reserves rapidly shifted from 14 to 72 years supply. Profit‐maximising firms sought to speed up commercialisation of reserves through the development of three liquefied natural gas (LNG) export plants at Gladstone. In this article, we present forecasts of Australia's east coast interconnected gas system with daily resolution using our dynamic partial equilibrium model. Modelling results show the rapid development of LNG plants combined with restrictive CSG development policies in NSW may result in unserved load from 2016. Relaxing development constraints or delaying construction of one LNG terminal by 1 year could have avoided the risk of Unserved Load events in the domestic gas market. Lessons can be learned from this CSG‐LNG boom scenario. Facilitating new gas supplies is the most efficient way of alleviating the impacts of the CSG‐LNG boom on domestic markets in the medium term. In the long‐term, Australian policymakers may consider the merits of a National Net Benefits Test to maximise welfare through appropriate coordination – as is done by policymakers in the USA – as opposed to protecting local industries through ‘domestic gas reservation policies’.     

不同利用方式下草地CH4、CO2及N2O通量研究

[目的]在全球气候变化背景下,研究天然草地和人工草地的温室气体通量以及与部分环境因子的相关关系,进而明确不同草地对温室气体通量的影响情况,为当地相关部门合理开发利用草地提供理论依据,推进草业绿色发展、高质量发展。[方法]文章以内蒙古自治区的阿鲁科尔沁旗选取退化的天然牧草地、混播型放牧人工草地以及刈割型人工牧草地为研究对象,利用目前较为普遍的箱法进行了野外实验,对比分析不同草地利用类型的主要温室气体CO₂、CH₄和N₂O的通量变化情况,并进一步探讨了温室气体与土壤含水量、箱内温度、地表温度以及其他土壤养分指标的相关性。[结果](1)不同利用方式下草地的CO₂通量在整个生长季均表现为排放,其中刈割人工草地的CO₂排放量为67.00±9.15 mg/(m²·h),显著高于放牧人工草地35.50±5.37 mg/(m²·h)和天然草地30.17±4.57 mg/(m²·h)(P<0.05),且CO₂