浙能省级管网智慧管理平台架构与设计

随着中国社会经济的迅速发展,天然气的需求逐年增加,智能化已经成为管道发展新方向,建立智慧能源管网可以显著提高企业的生产效率与管理水平,是燃气企业今后的发展方向.以浙江天然气省级管网智慧化建设为主要研究对象,建立适合未来发展、以"客户端+云端+大数据分析"为导向型的智慧管网管理架构,分别从总体架构设计、功能设置、具体应用等方面对浙能省级管网开展研究,最终实现浙能省级管网的智慧化管理.     

What Drives Marginal Abatement Costs of Greenhouse Gases on Dairy Farms? A Meta‐modelling Approach

This paper examines the relationships between the marginal abatement costs (MAC) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on dairy farms and factors such as herd size, milk yield and available farm labour, on the one hand, and prices, GHG indicators and GHG reduction levels, on the other. A two‐stage Heckman procedure is used to estimate these relationships from a systematically designed set of simulations with a highly detailed mixed integer bio‐economic farm‐level model. The resulting meta‐models are then used to analyse how MAC vary across farm‐level conditions and GHG measures. We find that simpler GHG indicators lead to significantly higher MAC, and that MAC strongly increase beyond a 1–5% emission reduction, depending on farm attributes and the chosen indicator. MAC decrease rapidly with increasing farm size, but the effect levels off beyond a herd size of 40 cows. As expected, the main factors driving gross margins per dairy cow also significantly influence mitigation costs. Our results indicate high variability of MAC on real life farms. In contrast to time consuming simulations with the complex mixed integer bio‐economic programming model, the meta‐models allow the distribution of MAC in a farm population to be efficiently derived and thus could be used to upscale to regional or sector level.     

Assessing the trade‐offs of increased mining activity in the Surat Basin,Queensland: preferences of Brisbane residents using nonmarket valuation techniques

The mining boom in Australia since 2003 has produced significant economic benefits for regional, State and National economies, creating new job opportunities and revenue flows. Despite the contribution of the resources sector to economic growth, questions are frequently raised about the concomitant negative social, economic and environmental impacts. The Surat Basin in southern Queensland is a traditional agricultural region with a small but growing coal mining sector and a rapidly developing liquefied natural gas industry (mainly associated with extracting coal seam gas). In this paper, the preferences of residents in Brisbane, the State capital, are explored in relation to the relative importance of social, economic and environmental impacts of the resource boom in the Surat Basin. A choice modelling experiment was conducted to assess the trade‐offs Brisbane residents would make (in monetary terms) between the economic benefits and the associated costs of increased mining activity on local communities. The results identify the strength of concerns about community and environmental impacts and can potentially be used to help evaluate the net benefits of resource development.     

国外页岩气勘探开发环境监管给我国的借鉴

页岩气现在成为世界油气勘探领域的新热点,并随着美国页岩气开发的突破,引发了世界对页岩气勘探开发的广泛关注。但由页岩气的开发所伴随而来的环境问题也不容忽视,淡水资源的大量消耗、压裂液对环境的潜在危险以及频繁压裂可能引发邻近地区地震等。国外对页岩气的环境监管已较为完善,通过对比借鉴国外页岩气环境监管法规政策,提出完善我国页岩气环境监管建议：坚持开发与生态保护并重原则,推进页岩气环境影响评价制度体系建设,构建页岩气开采环境保证金制度,完善页岩气环境监管的法律法规。     

非常规天然气产业发展的政策选择

我国的非常规天然气发展面临三种气源之间的现实博弈,从战略上作出根本性选择非常必要和迫切。对致密气要调整价格政策,迅速增加产量;对页岩气要稳妥慎重,加大基础研究,积极进行试点;对煤层气要有紧迫意识,从环保高度重新认识,加大开发力度。     

非常规油气开发技术标准分析

为缩小国内外非常规油气开发技术差异,确保国内非常规油气开发作业安全可靠,通过分析国内外页岩气、致密油(气)、煤层气、稠油和天然气水合物等资源开发环境和技术的差异,梳理相关领域的开发技术标准,在国内海、陆非常规油气开发技术标准的制定和研究方面给出了建议,供相关技术人员参考。     

天然气企业市场营销业务闭环管理的思考

依据天然气行业经济发展形势,结合国内天然气企业存在的主要问题,基于国内天然气企业市场营销管理的现状,提出天然气企业市场营销业务闭环管理的思考,为丰富天然气企业市场营销管理思路和方法提供参考。     

油气管道第三方破坏风险管理效能评估方法研究

在油气管道第三方破坏风险管理效能评估中,存在十分复杂的影响因素和关联性。针对第三方破坏风险管理的特点,依据事故过程关联因素建立效能评估指标体系,运用多属性决策效能评估加权的TOPSIS方法,对从5个不同管道公司获取的指标调查结果进行整体性效能综合评估。其中,利用改进的灰靶理论的贡献度算法确定加权TOPSIS方法中的各指标权重。应用案例分析表明,这种方法的评估结果具有一定的准确性和合理性。     

国际标准化组织天然气技术委员会ISO/TC193第24届年会情况报告(续完)

介绍了国际标准化组织天然气技术委员会ISO/TC 193第24届年会的有关情况,对TC 193组织结构、工作组构成及ISO标准发布做了简要概述,重点对ISO/TC 193直属工作组、SC 1"天然气分析测试"和SC 3"天然气上游领域"分委会在2012至2013年间开展的天然气产品和分析测试技术国际标准化项目的发展动态进行了详细介绍,并提出了下一步我国天然气产品和分析测试技术标准化的工作建议。     

GoogleEarth与GPS-RTK技术在数字化长输管道质量监督工作中的应用

通过积累在惠银、陕京三线等数字化长输管道施工及质量监督过程中的经验,在实际工作中,将GoogleEarth软件与GPS-RTK技术、管道带状走向电子地图相结合,在前期工作中,缩短了施工单位线路的踏勘工作周期,及时发现设计单位在管道线路设计中的问题,并进行科学合理的布线、改线。在全面施工前,加快了施工单位管道坐标放样的速度,对施工单位是否按设计线路放样进行全面监督检查,为长输管道施工工作的全面、及时展开提供了有力的技术保障。