Anatomy of a public-private partnership: Hold-up and regulatory commitment in Ultrafast Broadband

In recent years, the preference for purely private funding and ownership of telecommunications networks has given way to a ‘new wisdom’ that some form of public funding is now likely necessary if faster and more capacious next generation access (NGA) networks are to be constructed in a timely fashion for the majority of the population. Policy-makers are charged with deciding how that public investment will take place. One approach is via Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), where public and private actors collaborate in UFB (Ultrafast Fibre Broadband) investment, construction and operation. However, the body of analysis of PPPs in NGA networks to guide policy-makers is scant.By using the concept of regulatory commitment, the paper compares the experiences gained in a hold-up situation in PPPs in other infrastructures (e.g. roading) with the UFB context. A case study of New Zealand's Ultrafast Fibre Broadband Initiative is used to draw new insights for government purchasers and regulatory agencies. In comparing the different forms of PPPs, the paper shows that UFB PPPs reverse the typical direction of financing and ownership observed in roading PPPs. Financing and asset ownership are separated in UFB PPPs, increasing the potential for misalignment of incentives and the likelihood that the public party can use its legislative powers to alter regulatory settings after the PPP contract is signed, and thereby hold up the private party once existing network assets are sunk. Whilst the government instigating the PPP may not be inclined to act opportunistically, a successive government facing different political priorities does not face the same incentives. To the extent that the private party can anticipate this risk, it should structure the initial agreement to ensure that the public party is penalised if such an event occurs (i.e. an automatic right to favourable renegotiation or payment of compensation). Such terms will discourage opportunism, so that the project benefits from time-consistent alignment of incentives and objectives.     

个人组织价值观匹配对新生代工作积极性的影响

论文基于社会认定理论、匹配理论以及计划理论分析了个人组织价值观匹配如何影响新生代员工工作积极性,并探索组织承诺在两者之间所发挥的作用。研究结果表明,当个人组织价值观匹配程度越高时,新生代员工工作积极性越高,且组织承诺在两者之间存在着中介的作用。此结论丰富了论文的相关理论,同时对企业提高新生代员工积极性有一定的参考价值。     

The cohort effect of political change on language speaking: Evidence from Hong Kong

It has been proven that language is a symbol of culture and politics. This study investigates the cohort effect of Hong Kong's handover on the language spoken in adulthood based on the 2006 and 2011 Hong Kong population censuses. We find that Mandarin is more likely to be used by Hong Kong natives who were exposed to the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997 during their school-age years, especially the generation that were exposed during their primary-school years. This cohort insisted on speaking Mandarin, even when the political environment changed from 2006 to 2011. Our evidence reveals that the political change that occurs during one's school-age years has a long-term impact on an individual's behaviour in adulthood. Further discussion indicates that exposure to political change such as regime transfer during school-age years impacts an individual's national identity.     

第二代“泛欧实时全额自动结算系统”的运行机制及启示

TARGET2系统是目前全球最主要的欧元结算系统,主要是为满足欧元推出后,统一欧元区内各国支付体系、提高欧元支付效率与安全性、便利单一货币政策实施需要,于2007年正式推出,也是TARGET系统的升级版。该系统具有开放性特点,且比较安全稳定。随着欧债危机不断恶化,TARGET2系统设计缺陷也开始显现。但该系统确实是不同主权国家共用同一支付结算系统的一种积极探索,对推动人民币跨境使用、促进亚洲区域金融一体化,具有重要启示意义。     

新生代农民工市民化背景下我国城市基层社区文化建设——基于泉州地区外来务工人员精神文化生活调研分析

新生代农民工作为城市的一个特殊群体,长期以来,被人们忽视,成为城市的边缘群体。他们的精神文化需求没地方倾诉,城市社区文化建设也没有开展一些针对他们的活动。文章主要结合调研数据,真实地反映出当前新生代农民工的精神生活现状、精神诉求和当前社区文化建设存在的问题,探索当前我国城市社区文化建设的有效途径。     

EXPLAINING THE SAVING PUZZLES IN URBAN CHINA

This paper identifies two saving puzzles obtained from the Chinese Urban Household Survey data from 1990 to 2006. The first saving puzzle is identified by the time trend of household saving rates, which were stable before 1998, but surged subsequently. The second saving puzzle is associated with the various age profiles of household saving rates, which are not only inconsistent with the prediction of the Life Cycle Hypothesis, but also different from the patterns observed in other economies. This paper constructs pseudo‐panel data and empirically examines the applicability of the habit‐formation model in solving the second saving puzzle through the existence of saving rates and the effects of income‐related variables. On the other hand, the parametric changes of such variables help explain the first saving puzzle. The parametric changes possibly stem from the adjustment of habit stock, the rising transitory shocks of income, and the higher expenditure needs for housing.     

关于“90后”大学生思想政治教育的新思路

＂90后＂大学生具有新的时代特征,他们的身心素质受时代发展的影响,较之以前的大学生发生了较大的变化。这种变化使现在高校的思想政治教育面临着严峻的考验。当前高校的思政教育工作有一定的发展,但在教育体制、教育内容和教师综合素质的培养等方面还有待进一步的改革和提高。面对这些问题,高校要创新其思政教育体制,加强对思政教师和辅导员综合素质的培养。思政教育工作者要创新教育方法,坚持自我学习、不断提高,使自己具有更为全面的知识结构;要坚持以人为本、宽严并行的教育理念和方法。     

新生代农民工离职类型及其影响因素研究

作为未来劳动力供给中坚力量的新生代农民工具有显著的自身群体特征.新生代农民工的离职可划分为“跨企业离职”和“跨城市离职”两种.通过对广东省2840名新生代农民工的问卷调查,对新生代农民工的离职因素进行了因子聚类,结果表明:新生代农民工的离职因素可归纳为五个因子——工作发展、工作条件、工作关系、工资待遇和工作保障.政府应对新生代农民工进行重新定位并针对新生代农民工建立全方位的激励体系.     

根据功角变化趋势减少余热发电机失步的方法

针对余热发电机易失步运行的情况,提出了一种根据功角变化趋势的新的余热发电机失步保护方案。通过对失步运行原因的分析,论述了新方案失步保护策略的理论基础、功角的测量及实现方法。新方案改变了传统失步保护的观念,提高了余热发电机运行的可靠性。     

分布式电源接入配电网的技术经济分析

介绍了我国分布式电源的现状及发展趋势,通过对我国现有配电网电压序列的分析,基于技术经济比较,给出了合理的分布式电源接入配电网电压等级准则以及配电网升级改造过程中分布式电源侧的过渡改造方案,并提出相关建议和措施,为我国配电网升压改造的顺利实施提供参考。