The virtual is reality! On physical and virtual space in software firms’ knowledge formation

ABSTRACT

To understand how knowledge is created and exchanged, it is necessary to unwrap the role played by the physical and virtual spaces. The extant research offers interesting findings when it comes to the relationships among regional, institutional and organizational characteristics, innovation and firms’ abilities to link up to global knowledge sources. A focus on the role of informal and low-cost mechanisms, both regional and global, has extended our understanding of their role in knowledge formation. However, the physical space has dominated this literature to the detriment of the virtual space. The inclusion of the virtual space, both as an interaction space and as a different and complementary dimension, makes it possible to gain new insights into knowledge formation in a digitalizing world. Based on in-depth interviews with small- and medium-sized software companies in two urban agglomerations in Norway and Sweden, this paper explores the use of physical and virtual spaces. The findings show that these spaces interact and mutually influence each other. The world is not ‘flattening’ due to ongoing digitalization; moreover, urban agglomerations are still important places in which these spaces are optimized and unified.     

地理坐标系浅析

随着科技的发展,地图学、测量学、遥感技术、地理信息科学等学科日新月异,出现了各种新概念。特别是椭球体、基准面、地理坐标系、大地坐标系、投影、空间参考等概念中外翻译不一致、容易混淆,常造成概念的指代不明和交叉含糊,给学者之间的交流带来误解。文章通过研究,对这些概念进行了系统解释,澄清了概念之间的继承关系,对比了常用的参数,并说明它们在ArcGIS中的应用。     

基于弹药消耗预测的储备布局优化研究

本文以弹药消耗预测作为着眼点,依据弹药储备量确定弹药补给时机,并根据弹药消耗预测结论,结合储备布局的相关影响指标,对弹药储备布局进行了优化研究。     

驻马店地名文化品牌的开发与利用

驻马店拥有丰富的地名人文资源,如何对其进行开发和利用一直是当地政府思考的重要问题。受地名与商品或服务结合情况的影响,驻马店在进行地名文化品牌的开发与利用时,应该根据不同地名人文资源的性质,规范地名人文资源的保护与开发工作。     

Issues Facing Overseas Banks in China

The increasing presence of foreign banks has been an important aspect of banking reform in China. Since China’s entry into WTO and its acceptance of WTO commitments, China has spared no ef orts to open...     

农产品地理标志发展研究：现状、困境和路径选择

中国发展农产品地理标志存在诸多问题,如存在多头管理的体制机制、“公地悲剧”、价值的来源却认识不清、依赖地理标志购买的现象并不普遍等等。这些问题需要从理顺体制机制、有序推进保护、打击违法行为、建立和健全技术创新和推广体系、推进地理标志农产品产业化、标准化和规模化经营、打造品牌等方面着手解决。     

四川省农业地理集聚格局及演化机制研究

为分析四川省农作物的地理集聚特征,专业化格局,从农业地域系统视角构建分析框架探讨其演化机制。文章以12种农作物为研究对象,基于2000~2014年的四川省21个市州农作物播种面积数据,综合运用重心模型、基尼系数、区位熵进行研究。结果表明:(1)四川省12种农作物生产重心较为稳定,未出现较大范围的地理迁移。(2)四川省大部分农作物地理集聚水平整体较低,且在研究期内集聚过程缓慢。经济作物的区域专业化水平相对于粮食作物较好。烟叶、苹果地理集聚程度较大,已经形成相对明显的区域专业化生产。(3)农业地理集聚格局演变从最初受内部压力驱动形成自然集聚格局,逐步转向为受内外压力驱动的自然社会集聚格局。四川省主要农作物地理集聚处于试错和纠错过程中,尚未形成新一轮的农业生产区域化布局和分工。     

地理标志农产品对品牌营销竞争力的影响——以四川省为例

[目的]通过分析四川省地理标志对农产品品牌营销竞争力的影响,以期促进当地地理标志农产品的快速发展和推广。[方法]文章构建影响地理标志农产品品牌营销竞争力的指标体系,通过问卷调查的方式获得消费者对地理标志农产品的相关数据,并在对问卷的信度和效度检验的基础上,对影响地理标志农产品营销竞争力的各因素进行了多元回归分析。[结果](1)针对地理标志农产品的品质和价格问题分别有64.91%、39.1%的消费者表示同意或非常同意地理标志农产品的品质、价格比其它同类农产品好;(2)针对地理标志农产品的品牌名称和外观问题分别有81.1%、57.9%的消费者表示同意或非常同意地理标志农产品的品牌名称和外观比其它同类农产品要好;(3)针对地理标志农产品的品牌个性和品牌文化问题分别有53.14%、53.63%的消费者表示同意或非常同意地理标志农产品的品牌个性和品牌文化比其它同类农产品要好;(4)针对地理标志农产品的品牌声誉和品牌口碑问题分别有53.63%、70.67%的消费者表示同意或非常同意地理标志农产品的品牌声誉和品牌口碑比其它同类农产品要好;(5)针对消费者是否愿意购买地理标志农产品,73.94%的消费者表示愿意购买,73.68%的消费者更是愿意将地理标志农产品作为同类农产品的首选。[结论]地理标志农产品对消费者购买意愿的影响排序依次是品牌性能价值品牌传播力品牌显示力,同时证明地理标志有利于提高农产品的品牌竞争力。     

When Consumers and Products Come From the Same Place: Preferences and WTP for Geographical Indication Differ Across Regional Identity Groups

ABSTRACT

This article contributes to the existing literature on geographical indications by observing consumers’ stated preference for extra-virgin olive oil in two groups differing in their regional identity. In particular, consumers from two groups were asked to rank products in a contingent ranking survey. One group (“insiders,” Sicilian consumers) shared origin with a good product (Sicilian oil); the other group (“outsiders,” Rome and Milan) presented “no association” consumer-product. Results indicate that insiders are willing to pay more for goods originating from the region they identify with compared with a region associated with outsiders. Identity seems to give a bias by which a local product is not necessarily perceived as superior in absolute terms, but in relative terms: outside products are never considered better than inside options but are either inferior or equal in perceived value.     

Country of Origin Effect for Food Products from Developing and Transition Countries: A PLS Analysis of German Consumers’ Perception

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the importance of the country of origin (COO) effect in German consumers’ perception of chocolate quality using the example of chocolate made from Ecuadorian raw cocoa. From earlier COO and consumer perception research, a complex research framework grounded in schema and attribution theory has been developed acknowledging the multifactorial character of consumers’ food quality perception. Based on this framework, a PLS analysis of primary data from an online survey of 205 German chocolate consumers is conducted. The results demonstrate the overall applicability of the research framework and give evidence on the underlying complex consumer perception process of COO-labeled food products. For the case of chocolate made from Ecuadorian cocoa, PLS estimations show a strong COO effect in German consumers’ quality perceptions and identify characteristics of the target consumer group. Protecting geographical indications may offer a potential for products from developing and transition countries to differentiate in the German market, a prime example for European markets, and should be promoted more strongly by government offices and NGOs.