居民用电对城市节能目标的影响及对策——以上海市为例

居民电能消费量,是城市生活质量的重要标志,随着经济发展和收入增长,城市居民的电能消费呈大幅度增长的势态,占城市能源消耗总量的比率不断提升。然而这种增长趋势却大大抵消了为节能降耗所采取各种措施的效果,不利于城市节能降耗目标的实现。本文定量分析居民用电对城市节能目标的影响程度,并提出减弱和消除其不利影响的可行措施。     

长株潭城市群低碳经济发展现状、目标与重点领域探析

长株潭城市群节能减排工作取得明显成效,碳排放总量不断增长,人均碳排放量和碳排放强度均处于较低水平,能源消费碳排放效率较高,碳排放弹性系数持续下降。但其节能减排形势仍不容乐观,节能减排任务仍然非常艰巨。通过构建长株潭城市群低碳经济发展评价指标体系,测定评价结果,由此测算2015年及2020年的低碳经济发展水平,并设定低碳经济发展目标。研究表明,长株潭城市群仍处于从高碳经济向中碳经济转变的阶段,与真正的低碳标准还有距离。要实现2020年达到中碳经济的高级阶段、逐步向低碳经济过渡的整体目标,有必要从重点领域进行突破,构建低碳工业体系、打造低碳服务业、促进能源节约与结构优化、健全低碳交通系统、引导低碳消费模式、建设低碳政府、发展碳汇林业;并采取切实措施,加强规划引导和政策调节、构建发展机制、推进“两型”建设、推进合作交流,持续推进长株潭城市群低碳经济发展。     

成就目标导向的文献综述

成就目标导向是成就动机研究的前沿课题,是目标设置研究的延伸。成就目标就是个体在追求成就的过程中在头脑中形成的一种愿望状态。它是认知因素和情感因素的复合体。两种成就目标导向,即学习目标导向和成绩目标导向对个体的成就行为起着决定性的作用。成就目标导向研究主要集中在对成就情境下个体所采用占优势的成就目标类型及其对个体认知、情感和成就行为的影响,主要集中在教育、体育和工作管理领域。     

资产专用性强度、买方抗衡势力与战略联盟——对航空公司拖欠机场费用案例的考察

民航业改革分离了机场与航空公司的所有权,使两者之间由内部关系转变为纵向市场交易关系。在纵向关系下,资产专用性强度的不对称导致了航空公司对机场的＂可置信的威胁＂和＂敲竹杠＂,同时航空公司通过增强横向市场势力形成买方抗衡势力,使得拖欠机场费用问题激化。本文运用公平市场交易和战略联盟两种模型对机场和航空公司市场绩效进行模拟测算,表明战略联盟可提高两者的效率及社会福利,是解决航空公司欠费问题的根本途径。     

Antecedents of retailer loyalty: Simultaneously investigating channel push and consumer pull effects

This study includes information technology (IT) related industries as the focus and aims to examine the antecedents of retailer loyalty toward brand owners by simultaneously investigating push and pull effects in the channel system. The study interviews 274 independent retailers who sell IT related products to end consumers. The results show that the retailer perceived value of selling the brand owner's products plays a pivotal role in promoting their loyalty toward the brand owners. Retailer loyalty toward brand owners comes directly from brand owners' push efforts, and indirectly from pull effects. Additionally, the specific asset invested by each party (brand owners, retailers, and customers) strengthens the relationship within each other in the channel system.     

Market novelty, competence-seeking and innovation networking

Studies of innovation networking have frequently been concerned with the occurrence of dyadic relationships and with their apparent impact on simple measures of firm-level innovation outputs. This paper takes a more detailed look by analyzing the connection between different types of innovation and forms of networking. Based on the market novelty of innovation outcomes and the extent to which innovation activities require new competences, four types of innovation are identified. It is proposed that these types correlate with various innovation network dimensions, including the volume of networks, the strength and content of ties, and the specificity of ties. Drawing on survey data of 594 innovations realized by Dutch small firms, it is observed that the requirement to access new competences for innovation correlates positively with the number of network partners involved. We also note more subtle connections between types of innovation and networking, including that novel innovation outputs correlate with using network partners as a source of inspiration, whilst new competences associate with networking for knowledge capital. In the latter case, these activities also draw on new and intended ties relatively often, i.e. network partners which are actively sought out for the specific contributions they may make to the innovation process. Finally, innovation which is simultaneously new-to-the market and requires new competences uses strong ties relatively often. Implications for innovation policy and practice are discussed.     

Customer orientation,engagement, and developing positive emotional labor

Frontline employees must deal on a daily basis with emotionally demanding customer interactions. Such interactions, when coupled with organizational directives to focus upon exemplary customer service, can prompt employees to express feelings and emotions that are not genuine. Such ‘surface acting' has been found to create stress in frontline personnel, but an understanding of how this negative aspect of emotional labor may be minimized is lacking in the services literature. How a frontline employee's individual attributes might interact with a service work context to build deep, as opposed to surface, acting is the current focus. Applying job demands–resources theory, this study investigates how a frontline employee's customer orientation helps to develop positive work engagement, even in the face of contextual demands. Engagement is then linked positively to the beneficial behavior of deep acting which, in contrast to surface acting, has been identified as a less stressful form of emotional labor.     

试论翻译人才培养的社会需求导向

从分析我国翻译事业的现状出发,提出了翻译人才培养应以社会需求为导向的观点,认为翻译工作的特殊性决定了翻译人才培养模式的特殊性,而传统外语专业教学模式不适合于翻译人才的培养。     

法学维度的价值分析与刑事政策价值体系的建构

目前,刑法学界不乏关于刑事政策价值的研讨,而对于刑事政策价值体系及其建构,问津者寥寥。刑事政策的价值体系是指由刑事政策的若干由社会所认可的价值所构成的系统,它由价值客体、价值主体和价值目标所构成。三者相互联系,密不可分。     

企业融资交易的契约安排：一个交易费用经济学的分析框架

交易费用经济学理论将股权契约和债权契约视为对融资交易不同的契约治理结构。债权契约具有古典契约的特征,是一种按规则运作的契约治理结构;股权契约具有弹性治理的特征,是一种关系型契约治理结构。依据交易费用经济学理论关于交易与契约匹配的一般机理,可以得出融资交易的契约安排机理:低资产专用性融资交易选择债权契约,高资产专用性融资交易选择股权契约,中等资产专用性融资交易选择混合性融资契约,这既可达到交易费用的最小化,又可实现交易效率的最大化。究竟哪类契约在现实融资契约安排中占主导地位,这取决于融资交易包含的资产专用性大小。