用户需求的发展趋势对产品设计的启示

“以人为本”的设计理念包含绿色设计、人性化设计、个性化设计三大设计趋势,必须与合理的产品结构及功能相协调,一个好的设计应当在用户需求和理性设计中找到平衡点。     

资源型地区产业结构升级优化的制度创新——以延安市为例

市场力量主导的诱致性产业结构和诱致性制度变迁有可能因市场的自发性而使一个社会的经济脱离发展轨道,而政府力量主导的强制性制度变迁,有可能因其设计出来的制度不符合产业发展的规律,而使一个经济社会形成唯政府意志的产业结构。而将两种制度变迁相互间有机地结合起来,以自然演化(市场原则)的产业结构为基础,并配合政府遵从自然演化原则科学设计出的产业结构有可能达到产业结构的合理性标准。延安的能源化工产业在其产业结构中占有重要的地位,但目前产业集群尚未形成,三次产业结构也不尽合理,为此,要通过制度创新来推动产业结构的升级和优化。     

“入世”对石家庄市优质农产品及加工业的影响程度分析

本文以第一手的资料详细阐述了在石家庄市农产品的现状,分析了我国加入WTO将对石家庄市农产品产生的影响（机遇与挑战）,并提出一些改进建议。     

论绿色消费与可持续发展

绿色消费是实现人与自然和谐的可持续发展的重要保证，而要实现绿色消费，关键是在生态意识的支配下实施绿色消费行为。     

低碳视角下发展绿色物流的思考

从我国物流业碳排放现状着手,分析了低碳视角下发展绿色物流的意义以及存在的问题,在此基础上从基础设施建设及低碳化设备应用、行业政策法规完善及标准制定、低碳物流理念普及与低碳人才培养、外部激励机制推进、低碳物流技术研发、企业低碳创新能力提升等方面提出了低碳视角下发展绿色物流的几点思考。     

“一带一路”框架下的中拉绿色产品贸易:特征、比较优势与出口潜力

在“双循环”背景下,加强“一带一路”建设对中国深化对外开放意义重大,促进中拉绿色贸易符合双方利益,可为“一带一路”延伸至拉美创造新的合作增长点。本文使用2002年至2018年的货物贸易数据,分析了中拉共建“一带一路”过程中中拉绿色产品贸易的特征和趋势,并重点研究了中国绿色产品对拉美的出口潜力。通过使用双边显示性比较优势指数和出口潜力矩阵,文章发现,在现有的中拉货物贸易结构中,绿色产品贸易所占比重较低,贸易对象高度集中,但随着双方经贸合作的全面深化、特别是“一带一路”延伸至拉美,双边绿色产品贸易金额和种类都在稳定上升。尽管中国绿色产品在拉美市场面临着地理距离遥远、市场竞争激烈等客观困难,但中国的优势产品已成功出口到拉美。中国的出口潜力更多地取决于拉美地区的市场需求,一旦拉美对绿色产品的需求提升,那么中国就具备进一步扩大向拉美出口该类产品的潜力。此外,出口潜力矩阵也找出了部分对拉美市场而言具备不可替代性的中国产品,这也将成为中国潜在的对拉出口重点绿色产品。     

基于BIM的绿色建筑预评估体系研究

随着我国经济的高速发展,人们的环保意识越来越强,因此,绿色建筑在我国政治、经济、生活中的地位越来越突出和重要,俨然成为公众生活中不可或缺的重要构成部分。论文主要对建筑信息模型(BIM)技术的主要特点进行了分析,并且提出了BIM技术在建筑节能设计评估中运用的方法,希望为我国对基于BIM的绿色建筑预评估体系的研究提供一些参考与帮助。     

绿色维修技术在汽车处理中的应用价值

随着我国经济的快速发展,人们的生活质量得到改善,汽车保有量逐年递增。汽车修理工作的重要性日益突显,甚至成为影响社会发展的主要因素。在汽车修理工作中,一是要合理选择汽车维修技术;二是要重视汽车的危害因素,如环境污染。所以工作人员应该合理应用绿色维修技术,减少污染问题的出现。论文主要阐述在汽车处理中绿色维修技术的应用价值,仅供参考。     

Carbon Taxes and Joint Implementation. An Applied General Equilibrium Analysis for Germany and India

Germany has committed itself toreducing its carbon emissions by 25 percent in2005 as compared to 1990 emission levels. Toachieve this goal, the government has recentlylaunched an environmental tax reform whichentails a continuous increase in energy taxesin conjunction with a revenue-neutral cut innon-wage labor costs. This policy is supposedto yield a double dividend, reducing both, theproblem of global warming and high unemploymentrates. In addition to domestic actions,international treaties on climate protectionallow for the supplementary use of flexibleinstruments to exploit cheaper emissionreduction possibilities elsewhere. One concreteoption for Germany would be to enter jointimplementation (JI) with developing countriessuch as India where Germany pays emissionreduction abroad rather than meeting itsreduction target solely by domestic action. Inthis paper, we investigate whether anenvironmental tax reform cum JI providesemployment and overall efficiency gains ascompared to an environmental tax reformstand-alone. We address this question in theframework of a large-scale general equilibriummodel for Germany and India where Germany mayundertake JI with the Indian electricitysector. Our main finding is that JI offsetslargely the adverse effects of carbon emissionconstraints on the German economy. JIsignificantly lowers the level of carbon taxesand thus reduces the total costs of abatementas well as negative effects on labor demand. Inaddition, JI triggers direct investment demandfor energy efficient power plants produced inGermany. This provides positive employmenteffects and additional income for Germany. ForIndia, joint implementation equips itselectricity industry with scarce capital goodsleading to a more efficient power productionwith lower electricity prices for the economyand substantial welfare gains.     

Environmental Product Differentiation and Environmental Awareness

In this paper, we have considered a duopolistic model of environmental product differentiation with two types of consumers (green and brown) to analyze how environmental awareness affects the environment. “Green” consumers value the physical and environmental attributes of the good they purchase while “brown” consumers only value the physical attributes. We find that more environmental awareness may not be good news for the environment as the firm that produces the good without environmental attributes may increase its sales. The result depends on the degree of product differentiation and the cost to achieve it. Social welfare can also be inversely related to environmental awareness if the negative environmental effect dominates the positive market effect.