商品包装应对绿色壁垒的对策研究

本文分析了典型的绿色包装制度--欧盟"94/62/EO关于包装和包装废弃物处理的欧洲议会和理事会指令"的构成、基本要求、主要内容和达到目标;分析了绿色包装制度对包装的"绿色"要求;并据此提出了我国包装应对绿色壁垒的对策.     

Stakeholders' Engagement in Promoting Sustainable Development: Businesses and Urban Forest Carbon

To better understand how businesses' motivation and support for green projects varies by their organizational objectives and characteristics, this study investigates a case of urban forestry carbon credits in a broader context of climate change mitigation efforts. Companies and organizations currently participating in the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) were surveyed regarding their perception of consumers' concerns with climate change, attitudes toward government regulations, factors important to their emission management decisions, and their interest in buying and paying premiums for carbon credits sourced from urban forestry. Statistical analysis of the responses reveals noticeable differences among various types of business organizations. The findings are useful for understanding how businesses respond to different kinds of green products and will help in the development of green product markets. Finally, the results will help in developing effective environmental policies that respond well to businesses' objectives and preferences. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Capabilities, innovation and competitive advantage

This special issue was aimed at advancing the literature examining the role of capabilities in innovation-based competitive strategy. Whilst the innovation literature has over the years moved away from its ‘product innovation’ pre-occupation to capture the role of other forms of innovation in value creation, the capability view has progressed from its ‘rigid’ or ‘static’ view to a ‘dynamic’ view in an effort to capture market dynamism. Despite the recent theoretical advancements the dynamic capability view still lacks a strong empirical base. Contributors to the capability literature over the recent years have adopted multiple research methods to capture capabilities that include cross-sectional designs, case studies and longitudinal studies. Within this backdrop, the articles that were selected for this special issue covers both conceptual and empirical approaches to examine the relationship between capabilities and technical and non-technical innovations and performance outcomes. This essay provides a future research agenda to advance this promising research field. It highlights the need for clearer conceptualizations and development of measures of dynamic capabilities, environmental conditions that underpin the development of dynamic capabilities within the firm and research into the much debated relationship between dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage and organizational performance.     

推行绿色GDP的制度障碍与破解措施

从传统国民经济核算体系存在的固有缺陷及推行绿色GDP过程中的制度障碍出发,分析制度障碍产生的原因,具体包括认识误区障碍、统计制度障碍、现行官员政绩考察障碍等,并针对这些制度障碍提出破解的措施.     

中国绿色发展中企业环境责任立法探讨

经济活动过程和结果的绿色化主要靠企业承担环境责任来实现,但基于企业的营利本质,期望企业自觉承担环境责任并不现实,必须通过立法从内外部保障、强制其承担环境责任。我国环境保护法及企业法中无法容纳大量的企业环境责任条款,因此我国有必要制定专门的《企业环境责任法》,要求企业承担产品从设计、生产直至废弃的环境责任,并建立环境信息披露、税收优惠等企业承担环境责任的激励约束措施。同时我国应修改环境保护法,提高企业污染环境的成本、将企业环境成本内部化。     

Technology ladders and R&D in dynamic Cournot markets

Motivated by dramatic and unpredictable technological advances in energy production (for instance drilling and extraction of shale oil), we extend Cournot models of competition to incorporate research and development (R&D) that can lead to (stochastic) drops in production costs. Our model combines features of patent racing with dynamic market structure, capturing the interplay between the immediate competition in terms of production rates and the long-term competition in R&D. The resulting Markov Nash equilibrium is found from a sequence of one-step static games arising between R&D successes, and several numerical examples and extensive analysis of the emerging comparative statics are presented. Analyzing the relationship between current market dominance and the level of R&D investments, we find that market leaders tend to invest more, which in some sense makes oligopoly dynamically unstable. We show that anticipated market transitions have long-term impact; for example the potential of future monopoly can spur R&D investment now, even if the firm is presently uncompetitive and not actively producing. We also show that, surprisingly, random innovations have an ambiguous effect on R&D. This feature, which is driven by the Cournot framework, contrasts with the common situation whereby uncertainty lowers innovation and delays R&D investments. Finally, we demonstrate that increased competition may actually increase efforts to innovate through higher desire to achieve dominance. This would match the anecdotal evidence that the threat of market entrants forces incumbents to maintain high R&D.     

低碳经济发展的金融支持研究

金融业要支持低碳经济,发展"绿色金融"、"碳金融"是必经之路。绿色金融在低碳经济下发展势头迅猛,碳金融交易市场成为低碳经济制高点。中国碳金融具有巨大的市场空间,因此,应积极发展碳金融,获得主动权,即要积极制定碳金融发展的战略规划;健全碳金融监管和法律框架;培育碳金融创新机制,完善碳金融中介服务;创新和发展多样化的碳金融工具;建立统一的碳金融市场;积极推动碳交易人民币计价的国际化进程;等等。     

高铁开通提升了城市绿色发展效率吗——基于双重差分模型的实证检验

以高铁开通这一事件构造准自然实验,基于2006~2017年中国271个地级市的平衡面板数据,首先通过数据包络分析法测算城市绿色发展效率,进而使用双重差分模型和中介效应模型检验高铁开通对城市绿色发展效率的影响及作用机制。研究发现：（1）整体上,高铁开通显著提升了城市绿色发展效率。在缓解内生性问题和进行多项稳健性检验后,这一结论依然成立。从动态效应上看,高铁对城市绿色发展效率的拉动呈逐年上升的趋势。（2）机制分析表明,高铁开通凭借创新效应、结构效应与配置效应提升了城市绿色发展效率,其中创新效应发挥的作用最强,而结构效应的影响较弱。（3）异质性研究发现,高铁开通对城市绿色发展效率的拉动作用在东部地区和大中型城市更为显著。（4）基于地理距离圈层的扩展分析表明,高铁开通对不同圈层内城市绿色发展效率的促进效应呈倒U型变化趋势,且在距中心城市200 km处达到最大。     

政府质量、科技创新与绿色GDP——中国省际空间溢出效应及区域差异对比

通过构建嵌入政府质量和科技创新因素的经济增长模型,利用中国30个省份2004~2017年的平衡面板数据,实证检验政府质量、科技创新对绿色GDP发展的影响。研究发现：中国绿色GDP存在显著的空间集聚性及明显的区域差异性。在经济权重矩阵影响下,不同地区的政府效率、市场化程度、公平程度和腐败程度对绿色GDP的影响不同,其中政府效率、公平程度能有效促进经济发展较好地区的绿色GDP增长,却会抑制比较落后地区绿色GDP的增长;市场化程度对大部分地区绿色GDP呈现促进作用;腐败程度对地区绿色GDP增长呈阻碍作用。科技创新对各地区绿色GDP均起到积极的促进作用。因此,提升绿色GDP发展水平不仅需要提高地方政府质量,为绿色GDP发展提供符合实际的政策指导意见,还需激活企业科技创新能力,为绿色GDP发展提供有力科技保障。     

论富硒绿色食品产业链的互动构建

依托稀缺资源和自然环境，建立垂直式产业链互动模式，确立产业互动理念和目标，突出产业互动重点，加强产业基地建设，着力构建富硒绿色食品互动产业链，是恩施土家族苗族自治州产业创新发展的重大课题。