董事会特征、高管激励与集团绩效——来自中国上市集团公司的经验证据

作为一个多法人联合体,企业集团的治理与单体企业不同.通过实证研究发现,中国上市集团公司的董事会规模并没有对集团绩效产生积极效应,独立董事也未能有效发挥监管职能;董事长与总经理两职合一与集团公司绩效负相关;合理有效的报酬制度与公平透明的股权激励环境有助于集团公司绩效的提高,而股权激励制度有待进一步完善.     

高校视觉识别系统的特质

在市场经济的前提下,高校面临着前所未有的竞争和机遇。为提高高校品牌,并且防止“南橘北枳”的现象,有必要结合实例对高校VIS（Visual Identity System）的特质进行研究分析。结果表明高校视觉识别系统的特质在于更为深厚的文化底蕴、特殊的受众群体和应用环境、独特的价值取向。     

The Bioeconomics of Cooperation

When transactions and information are costly and exchange is non-simultaneous, ‘institutions matter’. They matter because exchange under these circumstances subjects the participants to potentially harmful behaviors by other participants, among which are: opportunistic behavior, agency, the free-rider problem, cheating, moral hazard, and adverse selection. Institutions constrain these behaviors, allowing the participants to take advantage of the gains from trade and specialization, and thereby facilitating cooperation. Individuals adhere to institutional rules because they gain by doing so. Because the individual gains are inseparable from the structure of the institutions, the institutions themselves necessarily become the focus of the analysis—as we see in the new institutional economics (NIE). The new group selection position in biology involves a similar shift in focus from the level of the individual to the group when studying the evolution of altruism. But some of the proponents of group selection go further, arguing that altruism in biology evolves because it is in the interest of the group, but not the individual. In fact, group level analysis is necessary in biology, as in the NIE, because it allows for the discovery of ‘institutions’ that constrain cheating, opportunistic behavior, etc., thereby making participation in the group in the long-run self-interest of the individual. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

东北特殊钢集团作业成本管理案例研究

本文以东北特殊钢集团为例,着重对特钢集团成本管理理论和应用体系进行研究。通过分析特钢集团业务流程特点建立了作业成本管理模型,在现代集成制造环境下构建了成本管理与其他企业管理职能间的集成关系,分析了各职能部门在成本管理中的作用,并提出了在软件信息交互关系及分布式环境下的实现体系,分析了案例企业的应用效果。通过案例分析表明该研究有利于细化企业成本管理和控制粒度,对我国特钢集团成本管理具有直接的参考价值。     

直觉梯形模糊几何集成算子及其在群决策中的应用

文章首先定义了直觉梯形模糊数及其运算法则,基于这些运算法则,给出了直觉梯形模糊几何集成算子,即直觉梯形模糊加权几何(IT-WG)算子、直觉梯形模糊有序加权几何(IT-OWG)算子以及直觉梯形模糊混合几何(IT-HG)算子。在此基础上,提出了在属性权重已知的情形下专家评价值以直觉梯形模糊信息给出的多属性群决策方法。最后以产品最优设计方案的选择为实例进行分析,所得结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

《2002年萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》对会计寻租的抑制

会计寻租是会计丑闻的重要原因,它给经济的发展带来了重大负面影响。本文以公共选择、利益集团等理论分析了会计寻租原因,并结合《2002年萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》,讨论了法案对会计寻租的抑制。     

基于博弈视角的皖江城市带旅游景区利益群体关系测度分析

文章基于旅游景区利益群体关系复杂的背景,运用博弈论中的不完全信息动态博弈理论,分析我国旅游景区利益群体间的利益构成、影响因素和博弈形成的不同格局,通过对皖江城市带景区利益群体关系实证分析,探讨利益群体间的博弈关系发展轨迹,并从门票价格制定、旅行社服务质量、当地居民行为规范、景区的服务与接待能力提升和政府利益再分配等方面,提出改善我国旅游景区利益群体关系的对策。     

双活性基团活性染料的耐碱性研究

为考察均三嗪和乙烯砜的双活性基团活性染料的耐碱性,以活性黄176为例,采用反相离子对高效液相色谱法,测定了一系列活性黄176的浓度随时间、温度、pH值等变化的实验数据,得出了活性黄176在不同条件下的水解关系曲线,并采用准一级反应动力学模型拟合实验数据．结果表明：在酸性介质（pH4．47）中,双活性基团染料活性黄176会水解,但温度升高时变化规律不明显;在中性介质（pH8．07）中,温度越高染料水解速度越快．并且两者在温度一定时染料水解反应基本服从准一级反应（R2〉0．982）．在碱性介质（pH10．3）中,温度升高活性黄176水解十分剧烈,并几乎严格按照准一级反应进行（R2〉0．992）．     

How well do conservation auctions perform in achieving landscape‐level outcomes? A comparison of auction formats and bid selection criteria

This paper studies the performance of auction design features regarding pricing mechanisms and bid selection criteria for securing wildlife zones across different holdings. We compare two pricing mechanisms: a discriminatory‐price auction and a uniform‐price ascending auction, and four bid selection criteria on the basis of: total bid, bid‐per‐value ratio, bid‐per‐area ratio and a mixed criterion where bids are formed on the basis of cost but they are selected based on the bid‐per‐value ratio. We develop a best‐response group‐bidding model for a discriminatory‐price auction where bidders form optimal group bids for individual wildlife zones. In the uniform‐price ascending auction, individual landholders respond to prices, which are successively raised by the auctioneer and whenever all the landholders from a single zone agree to participate (i.e. the first zone is formed), the auction stops. Based on numerical simulations using a bio‐economic model of malleefowl conservation, we observe that the discriminatory‐price auction is more cost‐effective than the uniform‐price ascending auction. However, the budgetary cost‐effectiveness of a discriminatory‐price auction is sensitive to bidder uncertainty about the number of competing bidder groups and the highest cost of establishing a wildlife zone among these groups. In terms of bid selection, the mixed bid selection criterion performs best. We discuss the policy implications of these findings.     

Brands as cultural resources in children’s peer culture

This article examines how children collectively appropriate brands as cultural resources. From the New Childhood Studies perspective, an ethnographic study was conducted in schools to investigate the engagement of 10- to 11-year-old children in brand culture. The findings demonstrate that, through a process similar to Corsaro’s model of interpretive reproduction, children do not simply reproduce brand culture; instead, they actively use branding to fuel their peer culture. Mastering and manipulating brands are thus sources for integration or exclusion within the peer group and for differentiation from the adult world. We show the paradoxical impacts of branding on children’s well-being and participate in the debate on their vulnerability to marketing by highlighting how they deploy brand culture to interact in their social spheres, with the consequence being that their would-be empowerment remains entangled in the “brandscape.” Last, we contribute to a better understanding of the concept of culturally based brand literacy.