中国老龄人口生存状况之窥视——以京郊密云县为例

中国老龄人口的生存状况一直是政府和学术界所关注的问题,而北京又是全国人口老龄化较为严重的城市之一。本文以密云县老龄人口群体作为研究对象,运用问卷和访谈的调查方法,分析当地老龄人口的收入与支出状况、生活和健康及医疗状况,结果表明：当地老龄人口的文化程度、经济收入普遍较低,且其收入构成多样化、城乡养老及医疗保障差别大、慢性病患病率高、情感需求得不到有效满足,其根源主要在于老龄事业滞后于社会经济发展、城乡养老保险政策差异大、医疗保障起点低等,进而提出了提高对老龄化问题的认识、建立健全相关政策法规、完善养老保障体系、加强社区卫生服务、做好老年福利设施建设规划、积极发展老龄产业等对策与建议。     

我国城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户公平性研究

本文采用保险精算模型研究城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户的不公平性,结果显示:个人账户确实造成了门诊医疗服务分配的不公平,工资收入在社会平均工资90%以下的人群不能很好地享受门诊医疗服务,而且收入越高,个人账户结余额越高。最后,本文提出了相应的政策调整方案以缩小人群之间的不公平程度。     

Participation in Community Leisure Programs: Experiences and Perspectives of Children with Developmental Difficulties and Their Parents

Children with developmental disabilities participate in more solitary, sedentary, and home-based leisure activities than active physical pursuits or community-based activities. Clinical experience suggests that children with less well-recognized developmental difficulties also have compromised leisure experiences; however, this has not been fully investigated. This study engaged 20 school-age children with developmental difficulties in a community-based circus program, designed in collaboration with occupational therapists. The program included activities such as trampolining, trapeze, and acrobatics. Semi-structured interviews with children and parents explored children's leisure experiences both at circus and more broadly. Qualitative content analysis revealed that friendships, having fun, and being physically active were highly valued aspects of leisure. The coaching style and “just right” level of challenge within programs were identified as central to children's engagement and sense of competence. Participating in a supported leisure program such as circus appeared to promote children's engagement in community leisure, at least in the short term.     

A push to cycling—exploring the e-bike's role in overcoming barriers to bicycle use with a survey and an intervention study

In Norway, as in many countries, there is a political goal to increase bicycle use. The electric bicycle (e-bike) is a promising tool for achieving this goal, given the hilliness of the country. However, little is yet known about the deterrents of cycling in Norway in general, and in particular how the purchase of an e-bike could be stimulated.

In the current study, 5500 respondents from a convenience sample among car owners were asked about their perceptions of bicycling in general, and of e-bikes in particular as well as their willingness to pay (WTP) for an e-bike. Randomly selected participants (N = 66) were given access to an e-bike for a limited time (2 or 4 weeks). A second questionnaire captured the same perceptions and WTP post-intervention. The results were compared with a control group (N = 214).

The results showed that those who cycle the least were most interested in buying an e-bike and that prior knowledge of the e-bike corresponded with a higher desire to buy one. Pro-environmental values did not predict interest in e-bikes, neither did norms and attitudes toward cycling. The WTP for an e-bike increased after having experienced the benefits for those who used an e-bike compared to those who did not. Price reduction of the e-bike (e.g. VAT exemption), spread of knowledge among the wider population, and actions to offer an e-bike experience may therefore be effective strategies for further expansion of the e-bike in the transport system and thereby to increase bicycle use in Norway.     

The promise of creative/participatory mapping practices for sport and leisure research

This paper provides an introduction to the concept of creative participatory mapping of human–environment relations. It is identified that within human geography, artistic practice and urban design, biomapping and similar community mapping tools and methodologies are increasingly being embraced. However, within sports and leisure research the concept has yet to gain academic attention. Consequently, this paper provides a basis for thinking about how researchers and research participants in the fields of sport and leisure research might benefit if mapping human–environment relations was to be embraced and integrated into research design practices. Referencing recent turns to studying space and affect within sport and leisure studies, mapping is argued to offer innovative methodological opportunities for studying how people relate to and understand the urban environments in which they practice physical activity and leisure forms of embodiment. The paper concludes by arguing that, along with offering up new avenues for conceptual research, mapping human–environment relations, if readily embraced, can go a long way to fostering community engagement in: the identification of (un)safe urban routes for sport/leisure practice (e.g. running, cycling), the development and site identification of health/physical activity initiatives and the design of urban landscapes of sport/leisure.     

森林养生旅游消费意向研究——以福建省为例

本研究以养生保健市场现状和特点为基础、以传统养生文化、养生知识为指导,指出森林养生旅游是一种以修养身心,保养生命为目标的新型旅游,它以森林环境为背景,以传统养生文化为基础,以打造"森林——自然养生馆"为核心,以各种形式的养生保健活动为主题,以各种旅游资源和设施为条件开展丰富多样的养生保健旅游活动。鉴于此,运用了旅游市场营销学、经济学、统计学、生态学等相关科学理论和知识开展研究,主要采用实地调查、定量分析等方法对福建省福州市、厦门市、泉州市进行了调查分析,结合其他类别的旅游消费行为及其影响因素的研究先例和森林养生旅游的特殊性和客观实际条件,提出相应的假设,并选取了个人层面的因素来分析影响人们对森林养生旅游的态度和消费意向。     

网络环境下青少年心理健康教育研究

网络的推广与普及给青少年的身心带来了巨大的影响,它在拓宽青少年认知结构空间、促进其情绪宣泄和培养青少年多元价值观的同时,也容易导致青少年认知能力迷失、人际关系淡漠、生活意志丧失、抑郁、焦虑、敌对等一系列的心理问题。而我国当前在青少年网络心理问题的治疗过程中,存在着禁止青少年上网、只进行德育训诫、重治轻防和治疗人员专业水平较低等问题。提高青少年心理健康教育的效果,应建立家庭、学校和社会三位一体的教育和预防机制,开展网络心理教育,注重法制教育、德育教育与心理教育的有机结合并提高青少年网络心理疾病治疗人员的专业化水平。     

甘肃省市县区域居民心理差异调查研究

采用症状自评量表、男女双性化人格量表、社会支持量表对甘肃省河东河西两地居民进行心理差异调查,结果发现:(1)甘肃省城乡居民心理健康的总体水平较低,总症状指数白银地区显著地大于其它7个地区,天水地区显著地大于酒泉地区;阳性症状痛苦水平白银地区显著地大于武威、定西、张掖、酒泉和平凉五个地区,天水地区显著地大于武威地区,定西地区显著地大于张掖地区;(2)八个地理区域在9个因子上的检验结果均达到显著;(3)八个地理区域居民社会支持在总分、客观支持分和主观支持分上无显著差异,但在对支持的利用度上存在显著差异;(4)八个地理区域除在女性化上的分布差异不显著外,在其它三种性别类型上的分布存在显著差异。     

城市化对健康的影响研究评述：利弊分析与未来展望

快速的城市化对健康产生双重影响,既有积极的一面,也有消极的一面。城市化使城市人群能够分享现代医疗技术的最新成果,从而使城市人群的预期寿命更长,婴儿死亡率、孕产妇死亡率等更低;但同时城市化的过程也伴随着城市环境的污染和城市生活方式的改变,从而又使城市人群在许多疾病的发病率上高于农村。城市化对健康的影响到底是利大于弊还是弊大于利,目前在学术界还没有达成共识。文章尝试对此问题做一评述性研究。