国有企业员工心理健康问题分析

健康的心理品质是国有企业员工的基本要求,是员工在工作岗位上发挥智力水平的重要条件。文章通过对国有企业员工心理健康现状、心理问题产生的原因进行分析,提出了心理健康问题的对策。     

Examining inequities in children’s environmental health: results of a survey on the risk perceptions and protective actions of new mothers

Young children are more highly exposed and vulnerable to environmental health hazards than adults due to a variety of physiological and behavioural factors. Despite the significant responsibility mothers typically bear in managing their children’s health, little is known about how they perceive and negotiate these risks in their day-to-day lives. To better understand mothers’ environmental health risk perceptions and associated protective actions across socio-economic and geographic contexts, a telephone survey was conducted among new mothers (n = 606) recruited through two Public Health Units in Ontario, Canada. Analyses revealed that approximately half of the respondents were moderately or highly concerned about environmental health risks, ranging in nature from household products to outdoor air contaminants. Factors affecting the likelihood of experiencing concern included lower income and lower levels of perceived control. With regard to protective actions, 43% reported taking three or more actions to reduce environmental health risks to their children, with the likelihood of taking action being negatively affected by factors including low income and first language other than English or French, and positively affected by being a first-time parent (primiparous). This study contributes to our understanding of environmental health risk perceptions and associated protective behaviours among new mothers, and has implications for the development of more context-focused risk management and communication strategies.     

Genetic risk information

Risk information and communication of health risks play a large role in medicine. With the growing importance of genetics and genomics in medicine, the importance of risk communication will even increase in the future. This paper starts with a discussion on the concept of medical risk information and then focusses on genetic risk information. Three examples of genetic risk information are discussed (carrier testing, susceptibility testing and pharmacogenomics testing) in order to exemplify the broad variety of types of risk information and their specific challenges for medical counselling.     

Financial Health and the Intensive Margin of Trade

Using data on 2380 firms from nine emerging countries, this paper shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between financial health and the intensive margin of trade. The magnitude of this positive relationship is shown to depend on several firm characteristics, where the effects of financial health on firm-level exports are larger for firms with higher levels of export, bigger size (measured by assets), higher productivity (measured by value added per worker), and moderate levels of financial health (measured by cash flow over total assets). The results are robust to the consideration of foreign ownership and country characteristics as well as industry and time fixed effects.     

广东中小企业员工健康与安全问题的原因与对策研究

在对当前广东中小企业员工健康与安全问题进行总体概述的基础上,分析了员工健康与安全问题产生的可能原因,并针对性的提出了具体的对策建议。     

突发公共卫生事件的智能化应对:理论追溯与趋向研判

新冠肺炎疫情的爆发给传统以人工为主的突发公共卫生事件应对方式提出了巨大挑战,迫切需要采取更加智能化的应对措施。近年来,人工智能、服务型机器人、无人配送、区块链等新技术在促进医疗技术攻坚、应对突发公共卫生事件、加强公共安全治理等方面发挥了重要作用。我国在这些智能化技术积累和应用方面已有一定基础,应对初步具备可行性,下一步要解决的关键问题是在医疗系统乃至整个应急管理体系中推广应用这些智能化技术和设备。要鼓励医疗机构、各类企业在应对类似新冠肺炎的疫情中积极应用智能化技术和无人设备,全面提升重大突发公共卫生事件的智能化应对水平,推动经济社会高质量发展。     

Regret in health insurance post‐purchase behavior

Unlike other forms of insurance, individuals with health insurance generally expect to make claims through the policy period. Selecting an appropriate level of cost‐sharing is difficult and individuals may, ex‐post, regret the choice of a less‐than‐suitable coverage amount. Using a national health insurance survey of private market consumers from 2013 to 2017, we evaluate the potential for post‐purchase regret in the health plan purchasing decision. We employ an ordered logistic model and find that consumers whose plan choices were likely financially dominated by a foregone alternative are significantly more likely to express regret through reporting significantly lower likelihood of renewal, even when controlling for confounding considerations including affordability, self‐assessed risk, and satisfaction with the plan.     

Registered nurses: the impact of wages on labour force participation and hours worked – are wages an effective mechanism for addressing RN shortages with evidence from 1960 to 2008?

Registered nurses (RNs) are critical producers and coordinators of patient care in acute and non-acute settings (Needleman et al. 2011). The Affordable Care Act coupled with an ageing population, are increasing demand for health care and, in turn, RNs. Numbering 3 million, RNs comprise the largest professional occupation in health care. Therefore, the labour force participation and hours worked are of keen interest to stakeholders and policymakers. Rising demand may exacerbate nursing shortages and have important effects on costs. We estimate the impact of wages on participation and hours worked as a possible policy tool to increase nursing supply. In 2008, the RN wage had a positive and significant effect on participation and a small positive but only marginally significant effect on hours worked given participation. The latter elasticity for married females (single females) was 0.11 (0.33). Therefore, the elasticity of hours worked with respect to the nurse wage is and unlikely to have an important effect on the participation rates or hours worked of currently trained female RNs. Consequently, wage increases are unlikely to be an effective policy to increase the labour supply among the currently licensed RNs and will not relieve any short-term nursing shortage.     

What Stops Dutch Households from Taking Up Much Needed Benefits?

It is common for individuals not to take up welfare benefits. The most common explanation is that people make a rational choice between the utility they expect from the benefit and the effort required to take‐up. Most studies utilize surveys, which are subject to misreporting and measurement errors, to determine eligibility and non‐take‐up rates. This study uses a novel dataset based on administrative data sources, which provides a more accurate identification of eligible households and take‐up. Furthermore, this study documents non‐take‐up of a compensation to which nearly 5 million Dutch households are entitled. The richness of the data allowed us to conduct a detailed analysis of key drivers of non‐take‐up. The analysis largely confirms the transaction‐costs hypotheses. However, we found an unexpected effect. Although, in general, the probability of take‐up increases when income decreases, those with the lowest income or wealth do not have the highest probability of take‐up.     

商业健康保险税收优惠效应：争议与展望

多数国家通过税收优惠促进商业健康保险发展,而关于税收优惠效应的研究存在争议。当前,我国开展商业健康保险个人所得税优惠政策试点,迫切需要深入研究税收优惠的政策效应,然而囿于实践数据的限制,缺乏相关实证研究。国外大多数学者对商业健康保险税收优惠效应持辩证的态度：税收优惠一方面可促进商业健康保险业务参保率的提高,但另一方面也可能会产生“马太效应”和道德风险,同时还可能对劳动力资源配置产生影响。商业健康保险税收优惠效应难以简单判断,取决于税收优惠的对象、方式,应综合社会价值取向和客观现实等因素进行综合考量。理论研究不能因为实践积累不足而“止足不前”,应借助现有的理论、借鉴国外的方法积极开展相关研究,以促进商业健康保险税收优惠政策的制定和实施。