Effective Nonverbal Communication Techniques

Developing effective marketing strategies for profes- sional service firms presents many unique challen es and is an im- portant area of practice development that many &ns often wer- look. Professional service firms ossess very distinctive P characteristics which differentiate them rom other service firms and require specialized marketing strategies. The purpose of this article is to assist practitioners in their efforts to develop promotional strat- egies which will enhance their firm's professional image and in- crease the firm's ability to engage new clients. These strategies arc aimed specifically at certified public accountants, lawyers, archi- tects, and other professionals.     

浅析如何将多媒体合理应用到体育英语教学中

多媒体辅助英语教学已是大势所趋,本文从多媒体优势和体育英语教学的特点等方面初步探讨了体育英语教学中的多媒体教学模式的运用,以及应注意的问题。只要扬长避短,充分发挥多媒体的优势,就能使之充分为体育英语教学服务,改善教学效果,提高教学质量。     

独立审计费用影响因素分析——基于消费者效用视角

真实的会计信息披露是证券市场健康发展的必要条件.独立审计费用在一定条件下是保证审计质量的前提.由于"被动消费产品"的存在可能导致上市公司对审计费用的不合理降低并选择效用指数低的审计师,进而造成审计质量的降低并危害到外部相关者的利益.     

基于综合评价指标的火电厂风机选型方法研究

本文通过分析风机运行特性,建立了风机选型新模型。通过全寿命周期成本表示其经济性,ADC效能评估法表示其技术性。     

Cost effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Abstract

Background:

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib mesylate have revolutionized the treatment of primary unresectable and/or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), providing durable disease control and extended survival. Although most patients eventually progress on therapy, dose escalation has been shown to benefit some patients. Sunitinib, a multitargeted kinase inhibitor is effective against imatinib-resistant or intolerant GIST patients. Although the cost of TKI therapy in GIST is high, no other effective systemic treatment options exist.

Objective:

Review pharmacoeconomic studies to determine the cost effectiveness (CE) of 1st- and 2nd-line TKI therapies in GIST.

Methods:

A literature review using Medline and PubMed databases was conducted to identify published economic analyses of TKI therapy in GIST. Key results from these studies were analyzed.

Results:

Six pharmacoeconomic studies were identified, including three analyses of 1st-line imatinib and three analyses of 2nd-line sunitinib. These studies employed various time horizons and discount rates and modeled CE from a number of different perspectives. Most of the pharmacoeconomic studies reviewed used survival as their efficacy endpoint, projecting outcomes beyond available data to model CE. Analyses of 2nd-line sunitinib using survival additionally faced the challenge of adjusting for the effect of placebo crossover to active treatment in the pivotal phase III study. Most studies used Markov techniques with a range of transition probabilities.

Conclusions:

Published pharmacoeconomic studies of 1st- and 2nd-line TKI therapy for advanced GIST employ various time horizons, discount rates, and different CE models. Consequently, these differences make comparisons between studies difficult. Studies of 1st-line imatinib concluded that imatinib was cost effective in advanced, metastatic GIST. Likewise, based on data reviewed here, 2nd-line sunitinib appears to be cost effective in patients with advanced GIST who are intolerant/resistant to imatinib. Key limitations of this review included inconsistency among the studies evaluated with regard to methodologies, countries of origination (currency and healthcare systems), and patient demographics.     

Cost effectiveness of palivizumab for RSV prevention in high-risk children in the Netherlands

Abstract

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. High-risk children are at risk of severe infection, which may require hospitalisation. RSV is also associated with a high risk for respiratory morbidity and mortality, which may have long-term clinical and economic consequences.

Objective: To assess the cost effectiveness of palivizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody, used as prevention against severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection requiring hospitalisation, in the indication of preterm infants and infants with preterm/bronchopulmonary dysplasia and in the second indication of children with congenital heart disease in the Dutch healthcare setting.

Methods: A decision-tree model was used to estimate the cost effectiveness of palivizumab, used as a preventative treatment against severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, in high-risk groups of children in the Netherlands. The analysis was based on a lifetime follow-up period in order to capture the impact of palivizumab on long-term morbidity and mortality resulting from an RSV infection. Data sources included published literature, the palivizumab pivotal trials, official price/tariff lists and national population statistics. The study was conducted from the perspective of society in the Netherlands.

Results: The use of palivizumab results in undiscounted incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of €12,728/QALY and €4,256/QALY in the in preterm/bronchopulmonary dysplasia and congenital heart disease indications, respectively. Inclusion of indirect costs leads to even more favourable cost-effectiveness outcomes. The study is limited by a number of conservative assumptions. It was assumed that palivizumab only affects the occurrence of RSV hospitalisation and does not influence the severity of the RSV infection. Another assumption was that international clinical trial data and data on utilities could be applied to the Dutch healthcare setting.

Conclusion: Palivizumab provides cost-effective prophylaxis against RSV in high-risk infants. The use of palivizumab in these children results in positive short- and long-term health-economic benefits.     

电视节目必须重视形象战略

电视是多功能的现代化宣传工具，电视及其电视节目在为它所报道的一切对象忠实服务的同时，电视也应为自身设计一套形象战略，通过可视形象及语言形象，来确定、吸引目标观众群，从而创造自己电视的品牌形象。     

论国有中小型煤矿企业员工的绩效考核

文章总结了国有中小型煤矿在员工绩效考核方面存在的主要问题,通过对国有中小型煤矿企业的分析,提出了一些具体的解决措施,希望对国有中小型煤矿的考核体系的建设有所启示。     

模糊限制语在英语课堂教学中的功能分析

模糊限制语是英语课堂教学中常见的语言现象，在师生的言语交际中起着非常重要的作用。该文从模糊限制语的分类和应用着手，分析了模糊限制语在英语课堂教学中所实现的五项功能：缓和语气，话题延续，自我保护，礼貌交际，减少“情绪过滤”。     

我国高技术产业化计划实施效果检验

我国的高科技发展计划取得了各方面都满意的非经济成就，但本文的实证检验表明，其产业化效果似乎并不明显。导致计划目标偏离的原因是多方面的，国家需要从确立企业创新主体、健全产业化制度、成果评价指标设计、风险投资和市场机制等方面进行配套改革。