离线信号的并行分析处理技术

传统离线信号分析软件处理的数据量庞大且采用单一串行结构，其处理速度通常比较慢。为此，提出了基于图形处理单元（GPU）+中央处理器（CPU）异构方式实现离线信号分析软件的并行化优化思路。首先将离线信号分析中的单一信号串行流程改进为多信号同时处理方式以实现并行效果，然后重点分析了流程中几个比较费时的典型侦察信号处理算法的特点并进行了算法的优化实现和验证，最后提出了离线信号处理优化准则和资源分配策略。试验结果表明，离线信号分析处理软件算法优化改进后，大多数算法处理加速比达到20以上，具有较好的工程实用性，同时该优化准则和策略对于软件化实时信号处理也具有一定的参考价值。     

一种新颖的面向数据流量特征的片上网络设计

片上网络中处理器核之间、处理器与缓存之间通信具有不同的数据流量特征，因此需要不同的网络带宽和网络拓扑结构。针对上述两种通信流量的差异，设计了一种异构非对称双片上网络，分别用于处理器核之间和处理器与缓存之间的通信，并且每个网络都针对占主导地位的数据流量类型进行了优化。实验结果表明，与传统的单片上网络和同构的双片上网络相比，该设计不仅具有网络延迟低、网络带宽高的优点，而且提升了系统的整体性能。     

Understanding Heterogeneous Consumer Preferences in Chinese Milk Markets: A Latent Class Approach

We examine heterogeneous consumer preferences in Chinese milk markets. Using a discrete choice experiment, we examine how the brand, quality certification, traceability label and price influence consumers' milk choices. We identify four consumer segments using a latent class model: price conscious (9.8%), balanced thinking (19.8%), health conscious (57.5%), and environment conscious (12.9%) consumers. These four segments have distinct preferences: price conscious consumers prefer green certification; balanced thinking consumers have the highest willingness to pay for traceability labels; health conscious consumers have strong brand awareness; and environment conscious consumers prefer organic certification and traceability labels and use price as a quality signal. Such diversity of consumer preference can be explained by four psychological factors: price consciousness, food safety concerns, health consciousness and environmental concerns.     

公共服务与技能溢价——基于劳动力结构的视角

公共服务通过促进技能偏向性技术进步、促进技术行业发展以及影响劳动力结构等途径影响劳动力的供给和需求,进而显著影响技能溢价。本文使用2004—2018年30个省市的数据,通过构建面板模型实证检验了公共服务与技能溢价之间的关系。研究发现:劳动力结构在公共服务与技能溢价之间存在中介效应,公共服务对技能溢价具有显著的负向影响。进一步以劳动力结构为门槛变量进行门槛回归,发现公共服务对于技能溢价的影响存在拐点,且在拐点两侧存在显著异质性影响。东部地区公共服务在门槛值两侧对技能溢价都具有抑制作用,而且随着劳动力结构的上升这种抑制效应不断增强;中、西部地区公共服务在门槛值两侧分别呈现先促进后抑制的现象,低于门槛值时公共服务对技能溢价具有显著的正向影响效应,高于门槛值时公共服务对技能溢价则具有较为显著的负向影响效应。当前中、西部地区公共服务水平较低仍未达到门槛值,因而中、西部地区需要不断提升公共服务水平,通过培养和吸引高技能人才,提高技能劳动力在全体劳动力中占比,最终达到缩小技能工资差异,提高劳动者的消费能力和国内国际双循环的政策效果。     

从东航事件看企业与员工心理契约

在企业的管理过程中,通常将目光集中在书面契约上面,而忽视动态变化的心理契约。在近期发生的东方航空事件中,不难发现因为心理契约违背而导致劳资关系紧张的影子。运用心理契约管理飞行员,将有效缓和目前频繁跳槽引致对我国航空事业发展的冲击。     

Heterogeneous Consumers and Fiscal Policy Shocks

This paper studies empirical facts regarding the effects of unexpected changes in aggregate macroeconomic fiscal policies on consumers that differ depending on individual characteristics. We use data from the Consumption Expenditure Survey to estimate individual‐level responses and multipliers for government spending. We find that unexpected fiscal shocks have substantially different effects on consumers depending on their income and age levels: the wealthiest individuals tend to behave according to predictions of standard Real Business Cycle (RBC) models, whereas the poorest ones behave according to standard IS–LM (non‐Ricardian) models, most likely due to credit constraints. Furthermore, government spending policy shocks tend to decrease consumption inequality.     

Fair valuation of cliquet-style return guarantees in (homogeneous and) heterogeneous life insurance portfolios

Participating life insurance contracts allow the policyholder to participate in the annual return of a reference portfolio. Additionally, they are often equipped with an annual (cliquet-style) return guarantee. The current low interest rate environment has again refreshed the discussion on risk management and fair valuation of such embedded options. While this problem is typically discussed from the viewpoint of a single contract or a homogeneous* insurance portfolio, contracts are, in practice, managed within a heterogeneous insurance portfolio. Their valuation must then – unlike the case of asset portfolios – take account of portfolio effects: Their premiums are invested in the same reference portfolio; the contracts interact by a joint reserve, individual surrender options and joint default risk of the policy sponsor. Here, we discuss the impact of portfolio effects on the fair valuation of insurance contracts jointly managed in (homogeneous and) heterogeneous life insurance portfolios. First, in a rather general setting, including stochastic interest rates, we consider the case that otherwise homogeneous contracts interact due to the default risk of the policy sponsor. Second, and more importantly, we then also consider the case when policies are allowed to differ in further aspects like the guaranteed rate or time to maturity. We also provide an extensive numerical example for further analysis.     

An optimisation method for complex product design

Designing a complex product such as an aircraft usually requires both qualitative and quantitative data and reasoning. To assist the design process, a critical issue is how to represent qualitative data and utilise it in the optimisation. In this study, a new method is proposed for the optimal design of complex products: to make the full use of available data, information and knowledge, qualitative reasoning is integrated into the optimisation process. The transformation and fusion of qualitative and qualitative data are achieved via the fuzzy sets theory and a cloud model. To shorten the design process, parallel computing is implemented to solve the formulated optimisation problems. A parallel adaptive hybrid algorithm (PAHA) has been proposed. The performance of the new algorithm has been verified by a comparison with the results from PAHA and two other existing algorithms. Further, PAHA has been applied to determine the shape parameters of an aircraft model for aerodynamic optimisation purpose.     

Linkages between emerging and developed equity markets: Empirical evidence in the PMG framework

This paper empirically investigates the international equity market causal links between Central and South-Eastern Europe, on the one hand, and developed countries (Western Europe and the United States), on the other hand, over the monthly sample period spanning from October 2000 to September 2012. Unlike previous studies, we use the pooled mean group (PMG) approach of Pesaran et al. (1999), which is suitable to estimate dynamic heterogeneous panels to draw reliable conclusions. After cointegration is found between the stock markets of interest, the PMG estimates show evidence of each market's sensitivity to the fluctuations of the other markets over both the short- and long-run, supporting the feedback hypothesis. The impact of developed markets on emerging markets is more important than that of emerging markets on developed markets and the bidirectional impact is higher between emerging and Western European markets than between these emerging markets and the United States. These conclusions are robust to an alternative specification, which supports the view that the stock markets are closely interlinked. The findings are of great interest and have important implications for policy makers, investors, and practitioners.