中国高等教育发展水平的空间差异研究

在我国高等教育快速发展的同时,高等教育区域发展不均衡、资源配置不公平等现象越来越突出。采用熵权法从教育规模、经费投入、基础设施和师资力量四个维度构建地区高等教育综合发展指数,对2004—2013年我国地区高等教育发展水平进行全局空间自相关分析、局部空间自相关分析和三维趋势分析,结果表明：我国高等教育发展水平在总体上呈现显著的空间正相关特征,且空间关联性逐渐增强;虽然落后地区与发达地区的差距有所减小,但高等教育发展的空间异质性明显,落后地区仍然占很大比重。因此,我国高等教育发达地区未能有效发挥空间辐射和带动作用,空间溢出效应不明显,高等教育发展的空间结构有待改善。国家应避免高等教育区域差距继续拉大,落后地区应加快高等教育发展,发达地区应有效发挥辐射带动作用,努力缩小高等教育的空间差距。     

医学专科教育临床思维培养的短板及对策

医学专科教育是我国现行的医学教育组成部分,与本科教育相比,存在学制短,生源能力偏低状况。如何在学制不变,生源维持现状的基础上,培养符合"全球医学教育最基本要求"的医学生,必须找出"需要"与现行培养目标的差距,特别是对阻碍医学生临床思维形成的因素进行改革,从专科层次培养出符合社会需求的医学人才。     

基于经济新常态的长春市水资源开发利用潜力评价

以长春市为研究对象,基于未来经济处于新常态的发展态势,构建包含水资源、社会、经济、生态环境4个子系统的评价指标体系,并确定各指标的评价等级标准;基于模糊数学理论以及层次分析法构建包括目标层、准则层、指标层的3层模糊综合评价模型,以2015年为现状水平年,应用模型对长春市水资源开发利用潜力进行综合评价。结果表明:长春市水资源开发利用程度处于中等偏上水平,各辖区水资源开发利用规模不平衡,可通过产业结构调整提高全市用水效率,为经济持续增长提供保障。     

What explains the performance of students in a heterogeneous environment? Conditional efficiency estimation with continuous and discrete environmental variables

Efficiency estimations which do not account for the operational environment where production units are operating in may have only a limited value. This article presents a fully nonparametric framework to estimate relative performance of production units when accounting for continuous and discrete background variables. Using insights from recent developments in nonparametric econometrics, we show how conditional efficiency scores can be estimated using a tailored mixed kernel function with a data-driven bandwidth selection. The methodology is applied to the sample of Dutch pupils from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's Programme for International Student Assessment (OECD PISA) data set. We estimate students' performance and the influence of its background characteristics. The results of our application show that several family- and student-specific characteristics have a statistically significant effect on the educational efficiency, while school-level variables do not have impact on performance.     

Social mobility and inequality in urban China: understanding the role of intergenerational transmission of education

China’s rapid economic growth since the late 1980s has been accompanied by great economic and social transformations, which have resulted in a sharp increase in income inequality. This article contributes to the literature of social mobility in China by examining the impact of parental education on the education of their children. Using the 1990 and 2000 Chinese Population Censuses, we employ nonparametric estimation strategies to provide a systematic investigation of intergenerational transmission of education in urban China. We find evidence of increasing parents–children educational correlations. Our results raise concerns regarding economic inequality in urban China as high intergenerational persistence of education is expected to be a barrier to equal opportunities in children’s education attainments and their future labour market outcomes.     

我国实现教育公平的几点思考

我国由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转型过程中,社会财富的分配方式发生了巨大变化,人与人之间在社会财富的占有量和占有方式等方面出现了一定差异,公平遂成为社会财富分配中的突出问题。教育亦是如此,近年来,教育公平引起了人们的极大关注。因此,就教育公平定义、理论研究和教育公平现状进行了相应的论述,并就教育公平的对策谈了设想。     

大珠三角城市群金融等级体系分析

随着经济全球化、全球城市化和区域金融一体化的持续推进,城市群作为一个整体已经悄然成为世界金融资源最密集的区域。本文以大珠三角城市群为研究对象,分别从金融业整体及其亚类行业领域两个层面,对金融资源的空间布局特征进行客观描述和分析,并运用因子分析和聚类分析方法勾画出金融等级体系形态。在此基础上,提出构建大珠三角区域金融中心体系的建议。     

Defending free trade after physiocracy: On Dugald Stewart's architectonic of passions,reason and Providence

Abstract

Dugald Stewart (1753–1828) defended free trade in light of a providential account of Nature, according to which there would be an “identity of interests” (Halévy 1901–1904). He thereby tried to rid economic thought of references to conflicts and thus pursued the physiocrats’ programme rather than Adam Smith's. In fact, Stewart claimed that (i) self-love depends on an accommodation to Providence, by which individuals restrain their passions; (ii) self-love fosters actions that lead to a direct increase of public happiness; (iii) the perfectibility of mind allows to dismiss “legal despotism”, which can be replaced by religious education.     

专业英语在高等职业教育中的作用

高等职业技术院校是培养我国专业技术人才的基础。高等职业教育中专业英语教育作为重要的课程,必须加强对其重视的程度。通过高等职业院校专业英语教育的不断加强,可以提高学生的英语实践水平,为后期的专业学习打下基础,为日后的文献检索、查询打下基础。     

公司内部人具有交易时机的选择能力吗?——来自中国上市公司内部人卖出股票的证据

本文以内部人卖出股票的交易为对象,研究发现从短窗口来看,上市公司内部人卖出本公司股票时表现出很强的时机把握能力。回归分析发现,在卖出股票时,除董事长和总经理外的内部董事和经理的超常回报显著高于监事和独立董事,董事长和总经理的超常回报可能低于监事和独立董事;内部人本人交易的超常回报显著高于内部人直系亲属;小规模公司内部人的超常回报显著高于大规模公司内部人;国有控股公司内部人的超常回报可能高于其他公司内部人。本文经验证据表明,内部人的时机选择能力可能来自于其掌握的非公开信息,且受公司信息透明度影响。