Leisure co‐participant preferences of the elderly: Age‐homogeneity versus age‐heterogeneity

Abstract

Leisure participation often occurs in the company of others. Therefore, identifying the nature of preferred others is important in understanding antecedent conditions which facilitate the leisure experience. A major characteristic in determining co‐participant preferences of the elderly is the preferred age of others involved in the activity. This study was conducted to determine whether older individuals prefer to interact with age‐peers or with younger individuals when participating in 19 selected leisure activities. Results indicated a preference for age‐heterogeneity in interaction. However, old respondents were more likely to select old co‐participants than were young respondents.     

交易主体同质效应对债券定价的影响

同质效应是市场主体类别差异化程度低、风格与行为趋同等所产生的，明显呈现为基金类、银行类、保险类三类机构同质行为，并分别对收益率曲线的短期、中期、长期段进行了控制。同质效应产生的分割影响是负面的，使市场的有效性减弱，不利于价格发行机制的形成。文章提出了同质效应的概念并阐述了其内在涵义，并分别运用统计实证的方法证明了在债券发行市场和流通市场中存在的自发分割行为。提高债券市场的市场化程度是缓解和消除同质效应最好的对策。     

The impact of customer-to-customer interaction and customer homogeneity on customer satisfaction in tourism service—The service encounter prospective

Customer satisfaction has been an important topic in tourism service management. Many researchers have argued that customer-to-customer interaction may affect customers’ evaluation of the service experience. Consequently, the objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between customer-to-customer interaction, customer homogeneity and customer satisfaction. This research adopted questionnaires to investigate tourists traveling to foreign areas from Taiwan. In conclusion, the perception of customer-to-customer interaction incidents could be extracted into six factors, including protocol and sociable incidents, violent incidents, grungy incidents, malcontent incidents, crude incidents, and inconsiderate incidents. The results of the analysis indicate that “protocol and sociable incidents” have a significantly positive impact on the “evaluation of fellow customers”. However, “malcontent incidents” have a significantly negative impact on customer satisfaction. “Marital homogeneity” has a positive influence on the “evaluation of fellow customers”. Finally, “evaluation of fellow customers” has a positive influence on customer satisfaction. Some suggestions for practitioners to manage customer compatibility and enhance customer satisfaction are proposed.     

民事、经济、行政赔偿之比较

源于立法价值取向的不同,民法最基本的价值取向是公平,对于损害赔偿的原则问题,民法主要坚持补偿原则为主,实行同质赔偿制度,即赔偿为直接损失加间接损失为标准;经济法以社会为本位,表现为实质正义、社会效益,针对社会责任在局部设置了特别加重赔偿,实行惩罚性赔偿制度;行政诉讼中的侵权赔偿责任,一般以赔偿受害人的实际损失为限,不赔偿可得利益的损失,这是行政赔偿区别于民事赔偿的一个主要内容.     

教师教学行为评价

目的:对《教师教学行为评价量表》进行研制。方法:对83名大学生施测。结果:该量表具有较高的同质信度和结构效度、各因子载荷较高。结论:该量表可用于学生评教。     

Diagnostics analysis for log‐Birnbaum–Saunders regression models with censored data

This article develops influence diagnostics for log‐Birnbaum–Saunders (LBS) regression models with censored data based on case‐deletion model (CDM). The one‐step approximations of the estimates in CDM are given and case‐deletion measures are obtained. Meanwhile, it is shown that CDM is equivalent to mean shift outlier model (MSOM) in LBS regression models and an outlier test is presented based on MSOM. Furthermore, we discuss a score test for homogeneity of shape parameter in LBS regression models. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate our methodology and the properties of score test statistic are investigated through Monte Carlo simulations under different censoring percentages.     

论公司控制权配置的结构性修正——以股东与债权人的“异质性”理念向“同质性”理念的演进为路径

股东与债权人之间的"异质性"理念建构于传统"股东所有权理论"与"资本信用理论"基础之上,并且这种"异质性"理念主导了公司控制权配置,但这种配置模式忽略了股东与债权人之间的"同质性",在强调股东利益保护的同时导致了债权人权利保护的相对缺失。股东与债权人之间的"同质性"现实已经得到了公司理论与公司实践的有力佐证,并不断地催生着公司控制权配置的结构性修正。     

A Note on Hedging in ARCH and Stochastic Volatility Option Pricing Models

Recently, Duan (1995) proposed a GARCH option pricing formula and a corresponding hedging formula. In a similar ARCH-type model for the underlying asset, Kallsen and Taqqu (1994) arrived at a hedging formula different from Duan's although they concur on the pricing formula. In this note, we explain this difference by pointing out that the formula developed by Kallsen and Taqqu corresponds to the usual concept of hedging in the context of ARCH-type models. We argue, however, that Duan's formula has some appeal and we propose a stochastic volatility model that ensures its validity. We conclude by a comparison of ARCH-type and stochastic volatility option pricing models.     

From Social to Private Ownership: Multiple Blockholders in Slovenian Unlisted Firms

This paper studies the ownership structures of unlisted privatized firms in Slovenia. On the basis of official ownership records for all nonfinancial firms over a six-year period (1999-2004), we explore the factors responsible for the concentration of ownership and for the dissolution of the multiple blockholder structures that these firms were assigned at privatization. We observe significant path dependence: patterns of ownership and control are in part determined by the persistence of the initial privatization owners (state funds, privatization investment funds, employees, and managers) as firm blockholders. We also find that ownership concentrates less in larger, riskier, and better-performing firms. Multiple blockholders remain present in the firms in which the two largest owners are of the same type, which presumably makes it easier for them to control in coalition.     

旅行社产品同质化及其成因分析

本文主要讨论了旅行社产品同质化的表现、影响和成因,特别强调了旅行社产品在质量方面的低水平同质化问题,并从直接和间接两个方面对旅行社产品同质化成因做了分析。