一体化供应链组合战略的构建

随着供应链之间竞争的加剧,单一地采用精细思想和敏捷思想设计供应链已经不能满足客户的要求。只有合理地运用精细思想和敏捷思想的组合战略,才能使供应链能够同时达到满足终端顾客的产品可获性和有能力购买性的双重需求。同时,使用模块化设计能够降低供应链组合策略的复杂性,增强供应链的适用性和通用性,使供应链结构变得简单化。     

考虑多类型产品新鲜度的生鲜配送路径优化

生鲜产品由于其特殊性,在配送过程中存在损耗。针对不同种类的生鲜产品,差异化新鲜度敏感系数,引入生鲜努力保鲜系数,构建生鲜产品新鲜度函数,同时考虑固定成本、运输成本、制冷成本、货损成本及时间惩罚成本,构建了生鲜配送路径优化模型。设计混合遗传粒子群算法进行求解,验证了模型的合理性及算法的有效性。对比不同的生鲜努力保鲜系数对各项成本的影响,得出综合成本最优的保鲜策略,为生鲜企业末端配送优化提供参考。     

Smallholder Demand for Maize Hybrids in Zambia: How Far do Seed Subsidies Reach?

We add to an emerging body of literature on input subsidies in Africa south of the Sahara. Our analysis focuses on demand for seed, characterising smallholders with a high predicted demand for hybrid seed who were not reached by the subsidy programme. We use cross‐sectional data from the 2010 agricultural season and an instrumented control function approach to test the hypothesis that the subsidy on hybrid maize seed in Zambia is selectively biased. Consistent with other literature, we find that the subsidy is a recursive determinant of seed demand, but in 2010, its recipients had more land, more assets, and lower poverty rates. Findings illustrate the social costs of the programme as currently designed and highlight the need to build alternative supply channels if poorer maize growers are to grow hybrid seed.     

高标清混合视频监控系统的设计与实施

分析了机车制造企业目前视频监控系统的现状和新的需求,针对机车制造企业的行业特点设计了高标清混合视频监控系统,在设计和实施中应用了高清视频监控的最新技术,同时做到了与原有标清视频监控系统的兼容。给出了具有一定使用价值的高标清混合视频监控系统的逻辑结构、系统总体结构和网络拓扑结构,提出了旧的视频监控系统在升级改造中应该注意的问题。     

On the continuity of correspondences on sets of measures with restricted marginals

Summary. Consider the set of probability measures on a product space with the property that all have the same marginal distributions on the coordinate spaces. This set may be viewed as a correspondence, when the marginal distributions are varied. Here, it is shown that this correspondence is continuous. Numerous problems in economics involve optimization over a space of measures where one or more marginal distributions is given. Thus, for this class of problem, Berge's theorem of the maximum is applicable: the set of optimizers is upper-hemicontinuous and the value of the optimal solution varies with the parameters (marginals) continuously. Received: April 23, 1997; revised version: January 16, 1998     

Site Selection Using Hybrid Analytical Hierarchy Processing: Evidence from Taiwanese Electronics Assembly Firms in China

An upswing in labor costs and currency appreciation during the 1980s caused Asian countries and economic entities such as Hong Kong, Japan, and Taiwan to search for new manufacturing sites to obtain lower manufacturing costs. China, with its huge, rapidly growing market, was one of the main options for these Asian economic dynamos. How to find an appropriate method to evaluate an optimum place for a factory setup in China is essential to an enterprise. Analytical hierarchy processing (AHP) is a method to solve complex multicriteria decision problems. However, to make decisions based only on AHP results is not sufficiently reliable, especially when the results are too close to be precisely determined. To strengthen AHP analysis, we propose a “hybrid AHP” method. This method computes an error band (EB) of final AHP scores using its 95% Confidence Interval to estimate AHP score error and calculates EB combined with a “bootstrap” to mitigate expert pectoral bias. Based on our methods, our decision rule is “maximized AHP score and minimized EB.” To verify our methods, we took Taiwanese electronic assembly manufacturers selecting manufacturing sites in China as a case study. Our research found that Eastern China has a relatively higher consensus of preference for establishing their manufacturing sites.     

The service triad: modelling dialectic tensions in service encounters

Models of service encounters are often fraught with reductionism, describing business relationships as mathematical combinations of dyadic constellations. Metaphors of ideal social relationships (marriages or friendships) are highlighted to stress normative aspects of equal, balanced and long-term business partnerships. However, these approaches are limited in their analytical sensitivity, as they cannot address the complexity of multipart relationships, where meanings, roles and relationships are continuously constructed and reconstructed. In order to understand the ambivalent quality of business interactions, this article analyses the corporate travel market by applying Simmel's depiction of the triad as a specific social form. Triadic constellations and more complex service networks involve dialectic tensions, simultaneously exhibiting loyalty and disloyalty, trust and distrust, empowerment and disempowerment. It is argued that a qualitative methodology is a more adequate approach to grasp such dynamic and contextual social realities, because (opposed to a quantitative approach) it is not confined to operate with mutually exclusive analytical categories.     

Regulatory Uncertainty and Financial Contagion: Evidence from the Hybrid Capital Securities Market

This paper examines the negative market impact that resulted from the insurance regulators’ potential reclassification of 140 hybrid capital securities in spring and summer 2006. It illustrates how financial contagion can spring from a regulatory policy change that lacks transparency. We investigate the impact of the uncertainty surrounding the regulators’ true classification criteria by measuring the effect of the reclassification announcements on hybrid new issue volume, cumulative average abnormal returns, bid‐ask spreads, and yield spreads. The financial contagion adversely affected the entire hybrid capital securities market for six months. The effect was most pronounced among those hybrids that were eventually reclassified as common equity equivalents. It was greater for Yankee Tier 1 hybrids, which had been more popular with insurance firm investors prior to the reclassifications, than among non‐Tier 1 hybrids.