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91.
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Abstract: Over the last decade, electronic limit-order trading systems have been sweeping securities exchanges around the world. This paper studies a transitional case, namely, the commencement of trading of a group of moderately liquid stocks on SETS of the London Stock Exchange. The evidence reveals that the liquidity of those stocks dropped substantially after the introduction of the limit order book and the removal of the market makers' obligations. This transition provides an example that a hybrid market with a limit order book and voluntary dealers may not perform as well as a dealership market with obligatory market makers. 相似文献
93.
Caitlin C. Ferreira Sarah Lord Ferguson Leyland F. Pitt 《Journal of Marketing Management》2013,29(9-10):867-885
ABSTRACTThrough the presentation of the case of James Reid, a hybrid entrepreneur that transitioned towards full-time entrepreneurship, this paper discusses a number of entrepreneurial marketing issues faced by a small business. When presented with several opportunities for business growth, Reid evaluates the extent to which growth could impact his business model, brand image and his passion. The case study demonstrates the importance of maintaining brand values and establishing a clear strategic orientation in order to create a strong brand. However, these are shown to also significantly limit the growth prospects of the business. The discussion of the case delves into these issues together with an examination of the entrepreneurial journey of a highly skilled transitory hybrid entrepreneur. This paper further introduces the concept of a comfort entrepreneur, one that willingly halts the growth of their venture, and examines the business implications thereof. 相似文献
94.
混合动力汽车的发动机与电动机之间的动力切换由行驶车速控制,设计模糊逻辑控制策略,以油门踏板开度和蓄电池荷电状态(SOC值)判定转换车速值。基于ADVISOR仿真分析动力切换车速值对汽车经济性和动力性的影响。 相似文献
95.
We study type spaces where a player's type at a state is a conditional probability on the space. We axiomatize these spaces using conditional belief operators, examining three additional axioms of increasing strength. First, introspection, which requires the agent to be unconditionally certain of her beliefs. Second, echo, according to which the unconditional beliefs implied by the condition must be held given the condition. Third, determination, which says that the conditional beliefs are the unconditional beliefs that are conditionally certain. Echo implies that conditioning on an event is the same as conditioning on the event being certain, which formalizes the standard informal interpretation of conditional probability. The game-theoretic application of our model, discussed within an example, sheds light on a number of issues in the analysis of extensive form games. Type spaces are closely related to the sphere models of counterfactual conditionals and to models of hypothetical knowledge. 相似文献
96.
经济全球化尤其是欧盟一体化进程加快、放松管制与竞争加剧导致德国从90年代开始推行公司治理改革。但由于制度刚性和路径依赖,德国公司治理模式的转变显然是渐进的且不会完全转向英美模式。本文对传统德国公司治理模式的特点,存在的问题和改革措施进行了分析。 相似文献
97.
Online discussion forums have been used to both support and resist organizational change. Our empirical study examined how employees in one organization used an online forum to help them deal discursively with changes that they perceived as threatening to their identity. In particular, we found that the postings of one key individual were central in framing the organizational changes in a way that had powerful cathartic consequences for employees’ feelings of anger and loss of face. Paradoxically, however, we also found that such use of the online forum had the contradictory consequence of helping to facilitate the very changes that employees perceived to be problematic. 相似文献
98.
99.
分类改革是我国此轮国企改革的核心。要实现分类改革的目标,必须对关乎国企管理体制的国有出资人模式进行重新审视。我国国有出资人模式主要有集权模式和分权模式两种。但无论是以国资委为代表的集权出资模式,还是以行业或地域为标准的分权出资模式,其主要缺陷在于没有回应国企分类改革的要求,没有区分商业类国企与公益类国企而分别构建出资人制度。实际上,在国企分类改革下,有必要确立集权模式与双重模式并行的混合出资人模式。针对商业类国企采国资委集权出资模式,由国资委专司“管资本”,剥离其监管企业的职能;而针对公益类国企采功能双重出资模式,由多个部门分工协作,既“管资本”也“管企业”,实现有效监管的职能。 相似文献
100.
A mixture preorder is a preorder on a mixture space (such as a convex set) that is compatible with the mixing operation. In decision theoretic terms, it satisfies the central expected utility axiom of strong independence. We consider when a mixture preorder has a multi-representation that consists of real-valued, mixture-preserving functions. If it does, it must satisfy the mixture continuity axiom of Herstein and Milnor (1953). Mixture continuity is sufficient for a mixture-preserving multi-representation when the dimension of the mixture space is countable, but not when it is uncountable. Our strongest positive result is that mixture continuity is sufficient in conjunction with a novel axiom we call countable domination, which constrains the order complexity of the mixture preorder in terms of its Archimedean structure. We also consider what happens when the mixture space is given its natural weak topology. Continuity (having closed upper and lower sets) and closedness (having a closed graph) are stronger than mixture continuity. We show that continuity is necessary but not sufficient for a mixture preorder to have a mixture-preserving multi-representation. Closedness is also necessary; we leave it as an open question whether it is sufficient. We end with results concerning the existence of mixture-preserving multi-representations that consist entirely of strictly increasing functions, and a uniqueness result. 相似文献