创新环境及其政策的出发点：兼论增强区域的全球化竞争力

本文对创新的环境内涵做了深入的描述和探讨,并以此导出２１世纪中国的创新体系的设想。首先,概括阐述了古典的区域增长模式,总结评价并指出等级规模原则、分散式集中原则、空间功能分工原则和等价原则今天对发展中的国家仍然有重要的意义。接着对创新环境的内涵进行广泛的描述和探讨。最后导出了在经济全球化背景条件下构造区域创新体系的设想。     

浅谈我国职业教育存在的问题及发展对策

我国职业教育经实践探索虽已取得初步经验,但在社会观念、生源状况、教学质量等方面仍存在许多问题,需着力从转变对职业教育的认识观念、提高教学质量、培养适应市场需要的人才、努力建设一支高素质的职教队伍等几个方面加以完善和提高。     

试论高校职称评审工作改进的途径

高校职称评审是高校人事管理的重要工作,同时与学校的各项决策与发展密切相关。但当前的职称评审过程仍存在许多不足,严重影响了职称评审工作的公平性和公正性的体现与高校教师积极性的发挥。本文从高校职称评审工作改进的途径出发,就高校职称评审工作的改进提出自己的意见。     

高校中文系外国文学课程教学的困境与出路

我国高校中文系外国文学教学在教学观念、教学模式、教学方法、评价方式等方面存在许多问题,不能适应21世纪新形势下对人才培养的要求。只有更新观念、创新模式,才能走出困境,提高课堂教学质量。     

地方高校思想政治教育的规律与途径研究

地方高校如何根据自身的特点开展思想政治教育工作,是当前地方高校发展需要解决的一大课题。本文分析了地方高校思想政治教育的规律,提出了促进地方高校思想政治教育开展的途径。     

浅谈美术板书教学

俗话说,"见字如见人"。不管是作为老师还是其他的工作者,若拥有一手出色的好字,都是一件值得称赞的事。练就一手好字,成就未来教师的完美板书。     

220kV电力施工现场常见问题分析与处理

220kV电力施工现场存在着诸多问题,也潜藏着一定危险因素。为最大限度地减少人身及设备等的损害,我们要认真分析电力施工现场存在的问题,并对这些问题进行科学合理的处理,有效防止事故进一步扩大。本文对220kV电力施工现场常见的问题及应急处理措施进行了具体分析。     

专任教师在高职院校学风建设中的功能与途径

针对高职院校专任教师在学风建设中存在的问题,认为专任教师是高职学风建设的引领者、组织者,构建者、示范者,监督者、纠正者,总结者、传递者,提出从明确责任、言传身教,严谨治学,整体谋划、细节把握,＂管＂、＂导＂统一、持之以恒等方面不断丰富其实现的途径。     

中国跨国公司的市场产权问题研究

市场产权理论是继产权理论之后,近几年来一些学者提出的重要理论,受到国内外学者的普遍关注。但市场产权在其内容、主体及来源上均有商榷之处。因为市场主体不只是国家,还可以是企业,特别还可以是跨国公司。因此,跨国公司要扩张和发展,获取市场产权更有重要意义。根据国际经验,中国跨国公司可以通过投资结构的改变、技术控制、品牌控制及跨国并购来获取市场产权。但根据中国的实际情况,还应采取综合运用各种途径、培植知识产权扩张实力、利用两个市场并打好本土化的基础以及深化市场产权的体制改革等对策来获取市场产权,从而促进中国跨国公司的扩张。     

A systematic review of cost-effectiveness modeling of pharmaceutical therapies in neuropathic pain: variation in practice,key challenges,and recommendations for the future

Objectives: Complexities in the neuropathic-pain care pathway make the condition difficult to manage and difficult to capture in cost-effectiveness models. The aim of this study is to understand, through a systematic review of previous cost-effectiveness studies, some of the key strengths and limitations in data and modeling practices in neuropathic pain. Thus, the aim is to guide future research and practice to improve resource allocation decisions and encourage continued investment to find novel and effective treatments for patients with neuropathic pain.

Methods: The search strategy was designed to identify peer-reviewed cost-effectiveness evaluations of non-surgical, pharmaceutical therapies for neuropathic pain published since January 2000, accessing five key databases. All identified publications were reviewed and screened according to pre-defined eligibility criteria. Data extraction was designed to reflect key data challenges and approaches to modeling in neuropathic pain and based on published guidelines.

Results: The search strategy identified 20 cost-effectiveness analyses meeting the inclusion criteria, of which 14 had original model structures. Cost-effectiveness modeling in neuropathic pain is established and increasing across multiple jurisdictions; however, amongst these studies, there is substantial variation in modeling approach, and there are common limitations. Capturing the effect of treatments upon health outcomes, particularly health-related quality-of-life, is challenging, and the health effects of multiple lines of ineffective treatment, common for patients with neuropathic pain, have not been consistently or robustly modeled.

Conclusions: To improve future economic modeling in neuropathic pain, further research is suggested into the effect of multiple lines of treatment and treatment failure upon patient outcomes and subsequent treatment effectiveness; the impact of treatment-emergent adverse events upon patient outcomes; and consistent and appropriate pain measures to inform models. The authors further encourage transparent reporting of inputs used to inform cost-effectiveness models, with robust, comprehensive and clear uncertainty analysis and, where feasible, open-source modeling is encouraged.