美元汇率变动对中国经济影响分析

美元汇率变动是影响中国经济发展的一个重要外部原因。由于2005年之前人民币实施的是钉住美元的固定汇率制度,美元贬值加大了人民币升值的压力,使得货币政策陷于两难境地。实证分析表明,美元汇率变动对中国进出口、利用外资、物价水平和就业具有明显的影响。2005年美元汇率升值,中国贸易收支顺差将缩小。美元企稳将促进中国稳定利用外资,并对抑制国内生产资料价格上涨将起到积极的作用,从而有利于我国的宏观经济调控。但今年美元的升值走势将不利于我国就业状况的改善。     

水利工程供水含税水价计算方法探讨

根据水利工程供水水费纳税的法律依据及各地水费纳税的不同情况,对供水价格中应包括的税种及各类供水含税水价计算方法等进行了探讨,并按不同供水计价方式,分别推导出含税水价的计算公式。提出水利工程供水水费应按服务业税目征收营业税;为农业生产提供灌溉和排涝劳务取得的应税收入免征营业税;水利工程供水经营者如有盈余则应交纳所得税。     

基于社会资本理论的农民灌溉水价支付意愿影响因素分析模型

从社会资本角度定量研究农民灌溉水价支付意愿影响因素,采用信任指数和互助指数对社会资本进行量化,结合开放式和二分式问卷格式,改进了获得农民灌溉水价支付意愿相关数据的引导技术,并采用多元线性回归方法建立了农民灌溉水价支付意愿影响因素定量分析模型。以皂河灌区为研究区域,通过问卷调查收集基础数据,采用提出的模型分析了各因素对农民灌溉水价支付意愿的影响情况。结果表明:社会资本是影响农民灌溉水价支付意愿的重要因素之一;农户主要劳动力人数、耕地面积、供水及时性、管水者工作能力等因素对农民灌溉水价支付意愿也具有显著影响。灌溉水价的改革,应重视农民社会资本并提高灌区供水服务水平等。     

An empirical assessment of the value of irrigation water: the case study of Murrumbidgee catchment*

Evaluation of value of irrigation water is essential for supporting policy decision making relating to investments in the irrigation sector, efficient allocation of irrigation water and water pricing and for crafting policies to compare the variable impacts of water reform within and across sectors of the economy. This paper asks the question of how much an established irrigator would pay for water and at what price farmers planning to expand the area they have under irrigation would consider paying for the right to access water. An analytical framework is developed to estimate the net present value of both annual and perennial agricultural activities in the Murrumbidgee catchment. Using these estimates the total value of water used in Murrumbidgee catchment is estimated. An aggregate water supply curve is derived for the catchment from where water may be acquired from irrigators for environmental flows.     

FTPL对于通货膨胀治理的政策含义：一个述评

与货币理论相比,新近发展起来的价格水平决定的财政理论是更为一般的价格理论,所提政策建议具有优势。文章作者在详尽阐述了财政理论的代表性人物Woodford政策建议的理论依据的基础上,报告了国际学术界的分歧并表明了自己的立场,即在正常时期,更倾向于积极型货币政策和局部李嘉图政策的搭配,而在非正常时期,则倾向于被动型货币政策和非李嘉图政策的搭配。但是,如果在正常时期,利率上调受到限制,那么政策组合应是被动型货币政策与非李嘉图政策的组合。     

热计量供暖系统及相关技术问题探讨

从几个方面论述了供暖系统必然要实行热计量收费。提出了实行分户热计量收费后出现的相关问题的解决方案,提供了几种热计量装置及目前热价确定的办法,给出了热计量供暖系统的调控计量方案。     

电力工程招投标复合标底的应用分析

介绍了目前在电力工程招投标中常用的几种投标报价标底形式,分析了电力工程招投标中复合标底的应用特点和风险,列举了复合标底的计算方法,提出了优化复合标底计算的建议,以期对电力工程招投标工作有所助益。     

Ticket prices and revenue levels of tourist attractions in China: Spatial differentiation between prefectural units

Ticket pricing is a key issue for tourism research in China. Owing to regional differences, a unified nationwide price reduction strategy for tourist attractions would be inappropriate for China. To assist in regional ticket pricing decisions, this study uses ArcGIS spatial analysis methods to analyze the spatial differentiation of ticket prices and revenue levels between prefectural units, using 2017 data from 9450 A-grade tourist attractions. The results reveal prominent characteristics of spatial differentiation in tourist attractions’ average ticket prices, as well as in the proportion of their revenue from ticket sales, between prefectural units. Ticket prices are generally low in north China and high in south China; meanwhile, the proportion of ticket revenue is generally high in east China and low in west China. The factors influencing such spatial differentiation are tourism resources, local socio-economic conditions, and the management of tourist attractions. The findings help stakeholders to make differentiation strategy.     

Does the law of one price hold in international financial markets? Evidence from tick data

This paper investigates the validity of the law of one price (LOP) in international financial markets by examining the frequency, size and duration of inter-market price differentials for borrowing and lending services (‘one-way arbitrage’). Using a unique data set for three major capital and foreign exchange markets that covers a period of more than seven months at tick frequency, we find that the LOP holds on average, but numerous economically significant violations of the LOP arise. The duration of these violations is high enough to make it worthwhile searching for one-way arbitrage opportunities in order to minimize borrowing costs and/or maximize earnings on given funds. We also document that such opportunities decline with the pace of the market and increase with market volatility.     

房地产开发企业违约概率压力测试研究——现金流蒙特卡洛模拟方法在银行中的应用

本文采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法,根据现金净额是否为负这一标准来判断房地产开发企业是否违约,在对企业的现金流进行随机模拟的基础上来计算企业的违约概率。压力测试的场景为房价下降,利率上升。压力传导途径为房价与利率变动导致企业销售收入变动,销售收入的改变导致企业的现金流量表发生变化。房价和利率对销售收入的冲击是随机的,企业的现金流也是随机的,本文通过随机模拟估算了企业的现金流为负的频率,以此作为企业违约的概率。压力测试表明,当房价下降幅度到达15%附近时,房地产开发商的违约概率开始急剧上升。