中小企业所得税优惠政策对技术创新的影响及对策

中小企业技术创新因存在风险、资金和外部性等制约因素而导致供给不足,单靠市场机制并不能增加市场供给,需要借助于税收优惠政策鼓励企业技术创新。但是,我国现行的企业所得税优惠政策存在逆向调节现象,对科技创新的激励效果并不明显,有必要进行相应的政策调整。     

The Impact of Non-Labor Income Given Job Heterogeneity on Household Time Allocation: The Evidence from China

This paper proposes a theoretical framework based on new household economic theories. A dataset from the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) is used. Given heterogeneity in major family members’ jobs, the effect of non-labor income on household time allocation is discussed under two scenarios: jobs with flexible work hours and jobs with fixed work hours in the market. Based on the nature of the employer the major family member works for, employers can be categorized into four categories: government-owned, family contract, privately-owned, and foreign-funded. Each of the four categories is used for dissecting the data into different sets for analysis by category. The results imply that job heterogeneity is significantly correlated to household time allocation. An increase in non-labor income results in a decrease in the time allocated to housework for all households. However, leisure time is allocated differently among different households due to job heterogeneity. An increase in non-labor income leads to less leisure time for households working for government-owned or foreign-funded enterprises, and more leisure time for households working for family contract or privately-owned enterprises.     

Reform,Growth, and Inequality in China*

This paper provides a survey of the literature on inequality in China – level, change, causes, and consequences. It attempts to answer six main questions. How much has inequality risen? What is its relation to poverty alleviation? What has happened to wealth inequality? What are the main dimensions of rising income inequality? The dimensions examined are: the rural–urban divide; urban labor market reform; regional divergence; rural–urban migration; and entrepreneurship, rent‐seeking, and corruption. Was it inevitable that inequality should rise so much? Does it matter that inequality has risen? Income distribution in China is bound up with both economic reform and economic growth. This paper concludes by considering the countervailing forces that will determine the path of inequality in future years.     

探析实现“民富国强”的路径选择

近年来中国GDP总量已经跃升为世界第二大经济体,国力之强盛毋庸置疑。然而,多年来城乡居民收入增长速度跑不赢国家财政收入的增长速度,收入分配不公平引发社会不断扩大的贫富两极分,出现了国强民不富的扭曲效应。因初次分配结构不合理、公共财政发挥的资源配置与收入分配调节效率低下、社会保障及收入分配制度不完善等因素,导致中国经济增长的模式被锁定在一种极不平衡的状态中。为此,探析并选择民富的路径,实现现阶段中国从国强转向民富的发展战略尤为重要。     

控股权性质、税收成本与盈余管理——基于会计-税收利润差异的研究

文章以会计-税收利润差异作为衡量盈余管理的指标。研究发现,民营上市公司由于自身存在"利税分离"的特点,其在进行盈余管理时,更加注重财务报告成本和所得税成本的衡量,更倾向于采用非应税项目进行盈余管理。     

浅析会计制度对企业所得税税收筹划的影响

税收筹划是指纳税人在税法规定许可的范围内,通过对经营、投资、理财活动的事先筹划和安排,尽可能地取得节约税收或成本的税收收益。税收筹划应具备"三性"合法性、筹划性和目地性。对于"偷税",世界各国认识较一致,面对"避税"和"税收筹划",又有区别。前者虽然不违法,但属于钻税法的空子,有悖于国家的税收政策导向,后者是完全合法的,甚至是税收政策予以引导和鼓励的。     

简论收入分配差距在消费层面的表现

从我国居民消费与分配差距间实证关系、居民的消费倾向、年底人民币储蓄余额和最终消费支出等几个方面,表述了收入分配差距在消费层面存有不"和谐"因素.认为收入分配差距过大,对经济增长的影响主要表现在有效需求上,即当前我们所抓的国内需求上;而有效需求,尤其是有效需求中的消费需求,也从一个侧面体现着收入分配差距状况.     

固定资产处理在会计和税法上的异同

由于固定资产是企业生存、发展的基础,它的计价与核算对会计利润、所得税的影响相当大.会计利润根据《企业会计制度》的规定对固定资产进行折旧计提,在计算企业应交所得税时,则根据《企业所得税前扣除办法》的规定进行核算.所以为了更好地了解有必要对财务会计和所得税会计在固定资产处理方面比较异同.     

我国商业银行非利息收入影响因素的实证分析

我国商业银行非利息业务增长迅速,已经成为增加营业收入、获取利润的重要来源。以具有代表性的10家商业银行作为样本,对商业银行非利息收入的影响因素进行实证分析,并对国有大型银行与中小型银行展开对比研究,结果显示：核心存款、贷款数量、费用控制能力、资产规模是影响银行非利息收入的基本因素;如果银行更关注吸收存款传统业务,则非利息收入的发展会受到一定限制;规模较大的银行更容易实现非利息收入高速增长;影响国有大型商业银行非利息收入的主要因素是资产收益率、核心存款占比,影响中小股份制商业银行非利息收入的主要因素是贷款数量、费用控制能力、资产规模。     

收入不平等对经济增长的负面影响机制——近二十年文献综述

近年来,国内外学者运用各种方法探讨了收入不平等与经济增长的关系。大部分研究结论显示,收入差距对经济增长存在间接的负面影响,两者之间存在一个多因素的传导过程,包括人力资本积累机制、政治经济决策机制、社会冲突机制、需求传导机制以及其他传导机制。总的来看,这些研究加深了对于两者关系性质和相互影响的认识,但研究结论的分歧和研究方法的局限性仍然存在,有必要对两者关系进行更深入的研究。