基于SP的模拟退火算法在装箱问题中的应用

在传统模拟退火算法的基础上,对装箱问题的优化算法进行了研究。结合装箱问题的具体特点,采用SP序列对来描述模块间的拓扑关系,并通过精细的模拟退火策略(精细的降温策略,提前退出策略),以及增量式的新解评估策略对算法进行优化。试验结果表明,相比传统的模拟退火框架,改进的算法能够取得较好的运行时间与面积利用率。     

User cooperation effects on firm's innovation outputs

We analyzed the effects of R&D cooperation with users and the intensity/continuity of such cooperation on firms' innovation output—whether radical or incremental. We also examined the moderating effect of firm size on these relationships. Results show that cooperation with users favours the development of both radical and incremental product innovations. In addition, we found that the higher the intensity/continuity of the relationship with users, the more likely radical innovations are to develop when compared with incremental innovations. We note that the positive effect of cooperation on the development of innovation is especially significant for small firms. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

石油企业存货管理研究

文章针对目前石油企业存货存量的结构和管理现状、增量的结构和变动中存在的问题进行了探讨研究,对其形成原因从管理理念、手段、主体和制度建立及执行监督层面进行了剖析,最后提出了加强石油企业存货管理的具体建议,希望能为石油企业加强和改善存货管理提供有益的启示。     

基于增量学习系统的财务危机动态预警

针对目前多数财务危机预警模型为静态建模、模型的增量学习能力不足等问题,设计了一种基于分类器集成的增量学习系统,利用财务类别导向知识对集成子系统进行动态选择,构建了具有增量学习能力的财务危机动态预警模型。基于实际财务数据的实验表明,基于增量学习系统的财务危机预警模型是一种兼具稳定性和适应性的财务危机预警工具。     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of secukinumab for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis: a Canadian perspective

Objective: The study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of secukinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively neutralizes interleukin (IL)-17A, vs currently licensed biologic treatments in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) from a Canadian healthcare system perspective.

Methods: A decision analytic semi-Markov model evaluated the cost-effectiveness of secukinumab 150?mg and 300?mg compared to subcutaneous biologics adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, and ustekinumab, and intravenous biologics infliximab and infliximab biosimilar in biologic-naive and biologic-experienced patients over a lifetime horizon. The response to treatments was evaluated after 12 weeks by PsA Response Criteria (PsARC) response rates. Non-responders or patients discontinuing initial-line of biologic treatment were allowed to switch to subsequent-line biologics. Model input parameters (Psoriasis Area Severity Index [PASI], Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ], withdrawal rates, costs, and resource use) were collected from clinical trials, published literature, and other Canadian sources. Benefits were expressed as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). An annual discount rate of 5% was applied to costs and benefits. The robustness of the study findings were evaluated via sensitivity analyses.

Results: Biologic-naive patients treated with secukinumab achieved the highest number of QALYs (8.54) at the lowest cost (CAD 925,387) over a lifetime horizon vs all comparators. Secukinumab dominated all treatments, except for infliximab and its biosimilar, which achieved minimally more QALYs (8.58). However, infliximab and its biosimilar incurred more costs than secukinumab (infliximab: CAD 1,015,437; infliximab biosimilar: CAD 941,004), resulting in higher cost-effectiveness estimates relative to secukinumab. In the biologic-experienced population, secukinumab dominated all treatments as it generated more QALYs (8.89) at lower costs (CAD 954,692). Deterministic sensitivity analyses indicated the results were most sensitive to variation in PsARC response rates, change in HAQ, and utility values in both populations.

Conclusions: Secukinumab is either dominant or cost-effective vs all licensed biologics for the treatment of active PsA in biologic-naive and biologic-experienced populations in Canada.     

公允价值计量具有增量信息含量吗?——来自沪深A股的初步证据

本文选择新会计准则中的交易性金融资产(短期投资)和可供出售的金融资产两个项目,采用增量信息含量法检验我国新会计准则中金融工具公允价值计量是否具有增量信息含量以及公允价值表内计量是否比表外披露更具信息含量。研究结果发现,交易性金融资产(短期投资)的表外披露和表内计量,在现有的、以历史成本为主的财务报表信息体系的基础,都具有较强的增量信息含量;而可供出售金融资产的公允价值变动净额在其历史成本的基础上,则不具有增量信息含量;从表内计量与表外披露信息含量的比较看,公允价值作为表内计量的信息含量明显高于表外披露。     

Cost-utility analysis of levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel (Duodopa) in the treatment of advanced Parkinson’s disease in patients in Scotland and Wales

Aims: To carry out a cost-utility analysis comparing the cost-effectiveness of levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) with standard of care (SOC) in patients with advanced Parkinson’s Disease (aPD) unsuitable for apomorphine or deep brain stimulation (DBS). LCIG is the only treatment option in this small, but clinically important, population.

Methods: A Markov model with 25 disease states based on disease stage and off-time status plus death. Patients enter the model with aPD spending >50% of their waking day in the off-state. Patients progress through the model in 6-monthly cycles for 20 years to approximate lifetime treatment and capture long-term costs and effects of therapy. Inputs are based on LCIG clinical trials for clinical outcomes and health state utilities, the literature for health state transitions and use UK-based input data wherever possible (drug costs, disease/adverse event management costs, discontinuation rates, mortality rates).

Limitations: Data collection can be challenging in this small, elderly population with advanced disease, therefore some model inputs were estimated, rather than collected directly. It was assumed that a reduction in off-time was the only benefit after the first year of treatment with LCIG; this is a conservative approach, since there may be additional clinical benefits.

Results: There is a considerable incremental gain in quality adjusted life years (QALYs) for patients treated with LCIG of 1.26 QALY with an associated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £52,110. If the impact on caregivers is included, the ICER reduces to £47,266.

Conclusions: In cases where there is an orphan population, with no alternative treatment options, HTA assessments have a broader decision-making framework and the ICER is interpreted in this context. In the setting of a very small population, with considerable unmet need, LCIG represents value for money, as reflected by funding approval across the UK.     

Budgeting for efficiency? A case study of the public K-12 education systems of Canada

In spite of the declining and uneven performance of Canadian students on the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) tests, little attention has been paid to whether provinces are allocating their education budgets to improve academic performance. This study uses a two-stage data envelope analysis (DEA) technique to estimate the degree to which education expenditures are efficiently allocated relative to achievement scores. We find that in these terms the overall cost-efficiency of the public K-12 education systems in the 10 provinces has deteriorated and that, in general, the provinces have become less able to allocate resources efficiently and use them in the most technically productive way. However, some provinces are more efficient than others. To gauge the extent to which performance measures, such as PISA scores, factor into budgeting decisions we interviewed 28 budget managers in 10 Canadian provinces and two territories, probing the criteria used to allocate education resources. The preponderant pattern of budgeting is described as an ‘increments-based-on-formula’ approach, one that is not particularly responsive to efficiency concerns but that often takes account of equity imperatives.     

城乡征地增值收益分配：农民的反应与均衡路径

研究目的：探索统筹城乡征地增值收益的可操作性措施,减少城乡利益冲突并增加利益互补,推进和谐社会建设。研究方法：问卷调查法、比较借鉴法、逻辑分析法。研究结果：通过对浙江省800位农民的调查,表明不同经济水平、不同年龄阶段、不同教育背景等各类群体农民对征地增值收益分配有不同的反应和需求,但他们对于失地后生活的担忧以及分享增值的要求则是共同的。借鉴美国等发达国家农地转用增值利益分配经验,提出减少城乡冲突、统筹城乡征地增值收益的可操作性途径。研究结论：农民有权参与分配土地转用增值、分享城市化发展成果,分享的比例应在30% — 50%之间。为与现行政策衔接,这30% — 50%的土地转用增值可以通过提高土地补偿费、安置补助费、社会保障补偿费、教育培训费等形式让农民分享,并从中划出一部分补贴新政实施前的被征地农民,确保纵向平衡。