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61.
研究目的:基于城市棚户区改造土地增值的形成机理,试图构建土地增值收益分配的理论分析框架,探讨土地增值收益形成与分配的实现过程,为构建合理的土地增值收益分配机制提供依据。研究方法:规范分析法和案例分析法。研究结果:(1)根据不同的土地增值形成机理,土地增值收益需要实行差别化的分配机制;(2)现实中土地增值收益分配存在忽略了部分主体的贡献和应该"返还社会"的土地增值实际上被少数人垄断的问题;(3)现实中土地增值收益分配的主要争议是初次分配"涨价归公"的土地增值如何实现"返还社会",和再次分配新产生的土地增值如何实现"返还社会"。研究结论:需要构建一个多方博弈平台,引入合理的谈判机制,通过协商谈判和讨价还价达成各方相对满意的土地增值收益分配方案。  相似文献   
62.
My study is framed against the backdrop of increasingly stringent environmental demands on the pulp and paper industry to reduce water and air pollution, and the changing global market conditions. I first present an observation‐based analysis conducted by visiting selected paper mills in Finland, the US, Germany and Sweden. Interesting differences and similarities emerge. Some of the observed differences lie in their focus on achieving incremental efficiency gains from better management of production processes, inventories, supply‐chain, product distribution and timing of modernization investments such as information technology. In the second part of the paper I present evidence on firms' productivity paths and the heterogeneity in productivity among relatively similar firms, and selected evidence of firms' investments in specific areas and how these affected productivity. My findings have implications for organizational behavior and business strategies employed by firms to improve their performance and productivity under changing environmental standards and market conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment  相似文献   
63.
王庆华 《价值工程》2015,34(16):95-98
随着产业升级的不断推进,机械数控化、自动化是企业提高生产效率、提升企业效益、获得持续竞争优势的重要途径之一。伺服作为驱动部件,在数控自动化领域应用广泛,作用突出。本文是基于单编码器反馈的多电机控制伺服驱动器的研究。该伺服控制系统具备多个伺服电机驱动接口,可以控制多台电机的同步运行或者各自独立运行;并且通过参数配置可选择其中一种,控制灵活,适用性好。通过位置反馈接口电路可兼容多种形式的位置反馈,克服了现有伺服控制系统中驱动器只能支持一种形式的编码器的缺点,使用方便,成本更低,便于推广。  相似文献   
64.
Based on the idea of the tourist destination as a cluster, this paper proposes a model to explain the relationships between exploration and exploitation capabilities – whether originating in the cluster or firm-specific – and a firm’s organizational innovation. This study turns to the resource-based view to provide a theory-based concept of shared capabilities accumulated in a tourist destination or cluster, together with valid measurement instruments to capture them. Our conceptual model highlights the theoretical and practical benefits for firms of being embedded in a cluster to develop both exploration and exploitation capabilities. The study also analyses the interaction between cluster-shared capabilities and firm-specific capabilities in exploration and exploitation to obtain two types of firm organizational innovation: radical and incremental. Some implications for managers and policy-makers are presented, highlighting the importance of tight integration in managing firm and cluster resources and capabilities.  相似文献   
65.
In certain segments, IBNR calculations on paid triangles are more stable than on incurred triangles. However, calculations on payments often do not adequately take large losses into account. An IBNR method which separates large and attritional losses and thus allows to use payments for the attritional and incurred amounts for the large losses has been introduced by Riegel (see Riegel, U. (2014). A bifurcation approach for attritional and large losses in chain ladder calculations. Astin Bulletin 44, 127–172). The method corresponds to a stochastic model that is based on Mack’s chain ladder model. In this paper, we analyse a quasi-additive version of this model, i.e. a version which is in essence based on the assumptions of the additive (or incremental loss ratio) method. We describe the corresponding IBNR method and derive formulas for the mean squared error of prediction.  相似文献   
66.
This study integrates general measurements of the information electronics industry based on the concepts of the balanced scorecard, intellectual capital, and intangible assets. The reasons for the difference between the corporate market value and book value are also analyzed, and the impacts of both financial and nonfinancial perspectives on the corporate value are explored. The component items of net income are found to be more effective in explaining the value of a company than merely looking at the bottom line. It is concluded that RI and EVA have significant and similar explanatory power in terms of evaluating the performance of the information electronics industry. Moreover, a review of the nonfinancial performance of information electronics companies on the basis of segmented samples reveals significant results in terms of explaining the value of the upstream, midstream, and downstream companies.  相似文献   
67.
Abstract

Background: The fixed-dose combination foam formulation of calcipotriene 0.005% plus betamethasone dipropionate 0.064% (Cal/BD) has demonstrated efficacy and a favorable safety profile for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Recently, a topical lotion of the combination of halobetasol 0.01% plus tazarotene 0.045% (HP/TAZ) was approved for treating adult plaque psoriasis. Currently, no head-to-head studies have compared Cal/BD foam with HP/TAZ lotion.

Objective: Compare the effectiveness and drug incremental cost per responder (ICPR) of Cal/BD foam vs. HP/TAZ lotion in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Methods: An anchor-based, matching-adjusted indirect comparison was conducted for PGA treatment success (Physician’s Global Assessment of “clear” or “almost clear,” [PGA 0/1] with at least a 2-point improvement) using individual patient data from 3 randomized clinical studies of Cal/BD foam and published data from 2 randomized, Phase 3 clinical studies of HP/TAZ lotion. The number needed to treat and ICPR were also calculated.

Results: After reweighting of patients in the Cal/BD foam studies to match summary baseline characteristics of the HP/TAZ lotion study patients and anchoring to vehicle effect, 4?weeks of Cal/BD foam produced a significantly greater rate of treatment success than 8?weeks of HP/TAZ lotion treatment (51.4 vs. 30.7%; treatment difference = 20.7%, p?<?.001). The number needed to treat with Cal/BD foam was also less than HP/TAZ lotion (1.9 vs. 3.3). Using US wholesale acquisition costs and equal weekly consumption rates, the incremental cost per PGA 0/1 responder relative to vehicle for Cal/BD foam was $3,988 and was 37% lower compared with HP/TAZ lotion ($6,294).

Conclusions: The indirect comparison analyses showed that Cal/BD foam was associated with a greater rate of treatment success, lower ICPR, and quicker treatment response than HP/TAZ lotion in adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.  相似文献   
68.
张升茂 《价值工程》2010,29(34):73-73
实践证明,钢箱梁斜拉桥采用顶推法施工时,不需大型浮吊等起吊设备,占用场地小,钢箱梁顶推、边跨支架梁段安装和塔柱的施工可同时进行,提高施工效率,节约成本,充分显示了本桥施工方法的合理性、先进性与独创性。  相似文献   
69.
孙培刚  郑贵金  张全禹 《价值工程》2012,31(29):200-202
无线遥控系统主要包括发射系统和接收系统两大部分。发射系统的主要功能是将主控信号的指令代码或电平通过编码器编码后送入发射器,通过其内部的调制电路完成对高频载波信号的控制,将携带控制信息的载波信号通过天线转化成电磁波发出;而接收系统则是将发射的电磁波接收,去除高频载波信号并解码,还原出控制信号后再对相应的电路进行控制。  相似文献   
70.
This paper examines the relative information content of earnings and cash flows for security returns using a methodology incorporating contextual factors which may affect earnings and cash flow response coefficients. For our UK dataset, we provide evidence that the earnings coefficient is related to earnings permanence, growth and firm size and that the cash flow coefficient may be related to growth. Although our results emphasise the value relevance of earnings, they also suggest that both contemporaneous and prior period cash flow are positively related to security returns and that market-to-book and market value of equity have predictive power for returns.  相似文献   
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