医疗器械灭菌方法、灭菌工艺验证及无菌检查

文章阐述了湿热灭菌、干热灭菌、环氧乙烷灭菌、辐射灭菌、低温等离子体灭菌等5种医疗器械灭菌方法,并介绍了灭菌工艺验证和无菌检查方面的内容。     

浅谈10kV配电线路无功补偿

配电线路无功补偿作为配电网络降损节能的一项措施,其容量的选择应以年经济效益最高为目标,即使网络总的有功损耗最小。     

硫酸庆大霉素注射液无菌检查方法学验证

建立硫酸庆大霉素注射液的无菌检查方法。本试验取硫酸庆大霉素注射液,按《中国药典》2005年版二部附录所载的＂无菌检查法＂项下进行方法学验证试验。结果表明：采用本试验方法进行硫酸庆大霉素注射液的无菌检查,供试品无菌生长,而六株阳性菌生长良好,该方法可行。     

An empirical investigation into the gravitation and convergence of industry return rates in OECD countries

Tests are offered for the hypotheses that sectoral average profit rates and incremental return rates are gravitating around or converging towards a common value. We study data for various OECD countries relying on an econometric method able to account for residual autocorrelation and cross‐sector correlation. Our null hypotheses receive only a mixed empirical support. This is interpreted as the result of various kinds of limitations to capital mobility. Policy implications are discussed.     

FOOD INSECURITY AND INSUFFICIENCY AT LOW LEVELS OF FOOD EXPENDITURES

In this study we investigate the external validity of the food insecurity and insufficiency measures—specifically, how these measures correlate with food expenditures—using the December 2003 Food Security Supplement of the Current Population Survey. We focus on a special segment of the population—households with low incomes and low food expenditures. If reports of food problems are based on a lack of food, reports should be nearly ubiquitous at the bottom of the expenditure distribution. We find, however, that this is not the case. We define and scale food expenditures several different ways and find that the reported incidence of food insecurity never rises above one‐half anywhere along the corresponding expenditure distributions, leading to concerns about the external validity of the measure.     

Measurement of organizational investments in social capital: The service employee perspective

This paper describes the development and validation of a measure of organizational investments in social capital (OISC). The scale development process is carried out over three stages (item generation, scale purification, scale validation), with two separate data collection phases involving a total of 735 working adults from multiple and diverse service-related workplace settings. As such, the data provide evidence for the face, content, discriminant, convergent and nomological validity, dimensionality and reliability of the OISC measure. The OISC measure is a concise, unidimensional scale that has the potential for significant usage in the development and testing of theory, as well as practical application in retail and other service provision contexts.     

农业补贴制度体系化建构逻辑的法理分析——基于利益与利益机制的视角

农业补贴制度通过国内支持与价格补助,提高农业生产者、经营者等的积极性,引导利益的正确追求,促进利益的正当生成,保障利益的合理分配,完成利益的全面和谐,可以说利益与农业补贴制度相伴而生。在利益与利益机制视阈下农业补贴制度的体系化建构需要体系化的建构思路,在从存量利益与增量利益的制度化分割逻辑、农业利益集团与其他利益集团的组织化矛盾逻辑、多样性利益需求与单一性利益机制的体系化冲突逻辑建构的同时,还要从农业补贴法律制度中利益机制的国内与国际双重建构逻辑去建构相应的制度机制体系。     

新增建设用地指令性配额管理的市场取向改进

研究目的：通过案例分析,揭示改进农地非农化开发指令性配额管理体制的方向。研究方法：文献资料法和案例分析法。研究结果：在中国农地非农化开发中,地方政府是第一顺序的土地开发者,中央以新增建设用地配额的形式统筹分配土地开发权,这一指令性配额管理体制与土地公有制以及当前所处的转型发展阶段总体上是适应的,但这一体制的“刚性”也引发了很多矛盾。改进指令性配额管理的可能路径是实行新增建设用地配额与其耕地保有量挂钩,构建新增建设用地指标市场对配额进行调剂。研究结论：沿着可转让配额方向推动农地非农化开发的指令性配额管理体制改革,是实现最严格的土地管理制度与市场机制有效衔接和协调的一个可选路径。     

征地补偿价格量化研究 ——以北京市为例

研究目的：探索简便的征地补偿标准测算方法。研究方法：以现行规定为基础,结合北京市实际征地情况,量化农村土地的社会保障功能,合理分配土地征后增值,确定征地补偿的构成。研究结果：提出征地补偿包括土地资源价值、土地社会保障价 值、土地平均增值收益三部分,探索使用宏观数据合理量化征地补偿标准。研究结论：征地补偿标准可以通过宏观经济数据进行量化。     

创业投资企业的投资工具选择策略——基于分阶段融资的动态博弈分析

本文综述了当前国内外关于创业投资企业投资工具选择的研究动态,总结了普通股、优先股以及债权各自不同的金融特性,并在系统分析和考察创业投资企业三种投资工具的基础上,就博弈模型分析的主要结论提出了相应政策建议。