An Integrative Approach to Empowerment

Abstract

While public organizations have focused on structural empowerment as a strategy to reform public bureaucracies, there is no consensus on the conceptualization or dimensionality of this construct. In addition, public organizations have paid little attention to the importance of psychological empowerment in their reform efforts. This article examines the construct validity of multidimensional measures of structural empowerment – consisting of participative decision making, feedback, and delegation – and psychological empowerment – consisting of meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact – and develops an integrative model of empowerment. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), conducted with the data from a sample of 191 public employees, showed support for a multifactor model that integrates the two types of empowerment.     

浅析绿色建筑的经济性评价

在可持续发展思想的指导下,绿色建筑顺其自然成为建筑业的发展未来。文章将着手构建绿色建筑经济效益评价模型,为促进绿色建筑的发展奠定基础。详细剖析绿色技术的各项增量成本、增量效益,更加准确的评价绿色建筑的经济性。     

金融危机影响下清洁发展机制及其相关产业发展

本文以福建东乌礁湾30MW风力发电项目、中国龙源电力集团公司为案例,探讨了我国风电企业在金融危机背景下的发展问题,并展望了清洁发展机制和新能源等相关产业在我国的发展前景,为进一步发展我国的清洁发展机制提出了若干策略建议。     

论区域性物流中心的建设

结合物流业的发展,对区域物流与区域经济的关系、区域性物流中心的功能,我国目前区域性物流中心建设中存在的问题及今后的发展对策进行了初步探讨。     

原子荧光法测定生活饮用水中硒的方法验证

采用《生活饮用水标准检验方法 金属指标》（GB/T 5750.6—2006）中氢化物原子荧光法对水中硒的方法验证进行研究,分别从人员、设备、物料、环境、方法性能等方面进行具体说明。结果表明,方法验证各指标均满足评价标准要求,实验室具备氢化物原子荧光法测定生活饮用水中硒的检测条件和能力。     

How exploitation impedes and impels exploration: Theory and evidence

Research summary : This study suggests that strategy and organizational scholars seeking to analyze the impact of exploitation on exploration would benefit by moving away from the generally assumed unitary perspective on exploitation. Specifically, we propose a multifaceted perspective on exploitation by theoretically and empirically distinguishing between repetitive exploitation versus incremental exploitation. We argue that repetitive exploitation can impede exploration and delay firms' responses to environmental changes, while incremental exploitation can impel exploration and accelerate firms' responses to environmental changes. We test our arguments using extensive longitudinal data from the hard disk drive (HDD) industry, and our supportive empirical findings highlight the relevance of our distinction between the two types of exploitation and their very different effects on exploration. Managerial summary : This study offers a solution to the puzzle of why many believe firms cannot excel at advancing existing practices and developing new initiatives, typically described as the trade‐off between exploitation and exploration. We introduce the distinction between repetitive and incremental exploitation and show that only the former type of innovation generates rigidity toward exploration, whereas the latter actually promotes exploration. More specifically, our evidence from the hard disk drive industry shows that those firms emphasizing incremental innovation (as opposed to repetition of their existing practices) were most likely to remain explorative over time, whereas firms emphasizing more repetitive innovation proved less open to changes. We discuss the implications of our findings as suggesting that firms seeking to optimize their innovativeness over the long term should strive to remain active in incrementally innovating their existing practices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Extrapolation‐based Bandwidth Selectors: A Review and Comparative Study with Discussion on Bivariate Applications

Cross‐validation is a widely used tool in selecting the smoothing parameter in a non‐parametric procedure. However, it suffers from large sampling variation and tends to overfit the data set. Many attempts have been made to reduce the variance of cross‐validation. This paper focuses on two recent proposals of extrapolation‐based cross‐validation bandwidth selectors: indirect cross‐validation and subsampling‐extrapolation technique. In univariate case, we notice that using a fixed value parameter surrogate for indirect cross‐validation works poorly when the true density is hard to estimate, while the subsampling‐extrapolation technique is more robust to non‐normality. We investigate whether a hybrid bandwidth selector could benefit from the advantages of both approaches and compare the performance of different extrapolation‐based bandwidth selectors through simulation studies, real data analyses and large sample theory. A discussion on their extension to bivariate case is also presented.     

不同竞合关系与企业创新选择互动演化研究

通过分析企业间的四种竞合关系如何影响企业开展渐进创新和突变创新,本文提出了基于不同创新选择的企业间两种竞合关系的构建策略。研究结果表明:孤立型的竞合关系使得企业更倾向于渐进创新而不是突变创新;斗争型的竞合关系使得企业更倾向于渐进创新而不是突变创新;伙伴型的竞合关系使得企业更倾向于突变创新而不是渐进创新;适应型的竞合关系使得企业更倾向于突变创新而不是渐进创新,同时专注于渐进创新的企业应当构建有利的竞争主导型的企业间竞合关系;专注于突变创新的企业应当通过构建有利的合作主导型的企业间竞合关系。     

Measuring customer value and satisfaction in services transactions,scale development,validation and cross‐cultural comparison

Customer value and customer satisfaction are pivotal but at the same time elusive concepts in services marketing theory. This paper focuses on discussing the relationship between these two concepts. We propose operationalization by developing and testing scales, especially operational indicators, for important dimensions and drivers of the services‐value construct. A multitrait‐multimethod design is used to test the robustness of the operationalization. Furthermore, a cross‐cultural data set is used to explore country influences using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models. Results indicate that the measurement construct is robust and useful in country‐comparative studies.     

Estimation and validation of hybrid choice models to identify the role of perception in the choice to cycle

Cycling is one of the most sustainable and ecofriendly modes of travel and a good form of exercise. Many government and public health authorities recommend cycling to stay fit as well as to reduce air and noise pollution, CO₂ emissions, traffic congestion, and other negative consequences of car use. In light of these benefits, a major challenge for researchers today is how to promote cycling. However, in countries where cycling is not common, apart from the need for proper cycling facilities, one major issue concerns people’s perception of cycling for sport or recreational activities rather than as a mode of transport. The aim of this paper is to explore the role of perception in the likelihood of the bike being used for utilitarian purposes. We focus on the perception of: the bicycle as a means of transport; bikeability (in terms of usefulness and safety) and of bike infrastructure. Hybrid Choice Models (HCMs) have been used to estimate the effect of people’s perception on the propensity to bike. The HCM also accounts for the serial correlation between error terms in the discrete and latent perceptions, to allow for agent-common unknown factors. Furthermore, we also validate the model results using a hold-out sample and discuss some policy measures aimed at changing travel behavior. The results suggest that, besides individual characteristics, latent aspects related to the perception of the context and of the bicycle as a means of transport strongly affect the propensity to cycle.