大规模定制下突破性创新和渐进性创新战略选择

大规模定制成为越来越多企业竞相选择的竞争战略。在企业进行大规模定制的过程当中,选择何种创新模式成为企业持续发展的关键性问题。按照已有的理论,大规模定制企业应该选择渐进性创新。通过对突破性创新和渐进性创新的概念界定,分析大规模定制这种特定的生产模式,提出了在大规模定制下创新模式的新战略选择。     

城市棚户区改造土地增值收益分配机理研究——基于吉林省松原市的改造案例

研究目的:基于城市棚户区改造土地增值的形成机理,试图构建土地增值收益分配的理论分析框架,探讨土地增值收益形成与分配的实现过程,为构建合理的土地增值收益分配机制提供依据。研究方法:规范分析法和案例分析法。研究结果:(1)根据不同的土地增值形成机理,土地增值收益需要实行差别化的分配机制;(2)现实中土地增值收益分配存在忽略了部分主体的贡献和应该"返还社会"的土地增值实际上被少数人垄断的问题;(3)现实中土地增值收益分配的主要争议是初次分配"涨价归公"的土地增值如何实现"返还社会",和再次分配新产生的土地增值如何实现"返还社会"。研究结论:需要构建一个多方博弈平台,引入合理的谈判机制,通过协商谈判和讨价还价达成各方相对满意的土地增值收益分配方案。     

Business Strategy and Firm Reorganization: Role of Changing Environmental Standards,Sustainable Business Initiatives and Global Market Conditions

My study is framed against the backdrop of increasingly stringent environmental demands on the pulp and paper industry to reduce water and air pollution, and the changing global market conditions. I first present an observation‐based analysis conducted by visiting selected paper mills in Finland, the US, Germany and Sweden. Interesting differences and similarities emerge. Some of the observed differences lie in their focus on achieving incremental efficiency gains from better management of production processes, inventories, supply‐chain, product distribution and timing of modernization investments such as information technology. In the second part of the paper I present evidence on firms' productivity paths and the heterogeneity in productivity among relatively similar firms, and selected evidence of firms' investments in specific areas and how these affected productivity. My findings have implications for organizational behavior and business strategies employed by firms to improve their performance and productivity under changing environmental standards and market conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Methodological Expectations for Studies Using Computer Simulation

Simulation is often used in papers and studies across diverse fields like logistics, supply chains, health care, manufacturing, and defense. But simulations must be properly done, including input and model building, designing/analyzing the simulations, and model verification/validation. Unfortunately, simulation studies are not always done well, even though great effort could have gone into the model building and coding. This paper specifies, in brief outline, what authors and researchers need to do, when using simulation as a main tool, to build a convincing case for their findings and conclusions. Considerations on the input side of the model are enumerated, including specification of input distributions and processes; nonstationarity; random‐number generation; and generating realizations of random variables and random processes. On the output side are issues of statistical analysis of simulation output; comparison, selection, and ranking of simulated scenarios; variance reduction; and optimum seeking. Involving matters on both the input and output sides are the essential activities of verification and validation. The intent is to establish expectations on what acceptable papers need to do if using simulation, and to serve as a guideline to applied simulation studies. Such papers and studies will then be more valid, more precise, more useful, and ultimately more convincing.     

基于单编码器反馈的多电机控制伺服驱动器的研究

随着产业升级的不断推进,机械数控化、自动化是企业提高生产效率、提升企业效益、获得持续竞争优势的重要途径之一。伺服作为驱动部件,在数控自动化领域应用广泛,作用突出。本文是基于单编码器反馈的多电机控制伺服驱动器的研究。该伺服控制系统具备多个伺服电机驱动接口,可以控制多台电机的同步运行或者各自独立运行;并且通过参数配置可选择其中一种,控制灵活,适用性好。通过位置反馈接口电路可兼容多种形式的位置反馈,克服了现有伺服控制系统中驱动器只能支持一种形式的编码器的缺点,使用方便,成本更低,便于推广。     

Functional Principal Component Regression and Functional Partial Least‐squares Regression: An Overview and a Comparative Study

Functional data analysis is a field of growing importance in Statistics. In particular, the functional linear model with scalar response is surely the model that has attracted more attention in both theoretical and applied research. Two of the most important methodologies used to estimate the parameters of the functional linear model with scalar response are functional principal component regression and functional partial least‐squares regression. We provide an overview of estimation methods based on these methodologies and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We emphasise that the role played by the functional principal components and by the functional partial least‐squares components that are used in estimation appears to be very important to estimate the functional slope of the model. A functional version of the best subset selection strategy usual in multiple linear regression is also analysed. Finally, we present an extensive comparative simulation study to compare the performance of all the considered methodologies that may help practitioners in the use of the functional linear model with scalar response.     

Cluster and firm-specific antecedents of organizational innovation

Based on the idea of the tourist destination as a cluster, this paper proposes a model to explain the relationships between exploration and exploitation capabilities – whether originating in the cluster or firm-specific – and a firm’s organizational innovation. This study turns to the resource-based view to provide a theory-based concept of shared capabilities accumulated in a tourist destination or cluster, together with valid measurement instruments to capture them. Our conceptual model highlights the theoretical and practical benefits for firms of being embedded in a cluster to develop both exploration and exploitation capabilities. The study also analyses the interaction between cluster-shared capabilities and firm-specific capabilities in exploration and exploitation to obtain two types of firm organizational innovation: radical and incremental. Some implications for managers and policy-makers are presented, highlighting the importance of tight integration in managing firm and cluster resources and capabilities.     

语言测试标准规范与测试质量管理——以欧美专业伦理规范及其践行为例

语言测试标准规范制定的目的在于规范测试行为,提升考试质量。测试标准规范是否有用,需要在语言测试效度评估中得到有效实践。但是目前欧美一些重要测试组织的核心专业伦理及技术规范的践行现状相差很大,有的规范几乎流于形式,有的则得到了有效实践,提升了考试及测试质量管理的水准。对欧美现行主要语言测试标准规范及其践行现状的研究将有助于我们甄别、借鉴。为语言测试质量保证提供专业指导和基础的标准规范,不仅不可缺少,还应当被有效实践。     

Bifurcation of attritional and large losses in an additive IBNR environment

In certain segments, IBNR calculations on paid triangles are more stable than on incurred triangles. However, calculations on payments often do not adequately take large losses into account. An IBNR method which separates large and attritional losses and thus allows to use payments for the attritional and incurred amounts for the large losses has been introduced by Riegel (see Riegel, U. (2014). A bifurcation approach for attritional and large losses in chain ladder calculations. Astin Bulletin 44, 127–172). The method corresponds to a stochastic model that is based on Mack’s chain ladder model. In this paper, we analyse a quasi-additive version of this model, i.e. a version which is in essence based on the assumptions of the additive (or incremental loss ratio) method. We describe the corresponding IBNR method and derive formulas for the mean squared error of prediction.     

The evolution of honesty tests and means for their evaluation

Issues have been raised regarding means of honesty testing of employees. It seems probable that paper-and-pencil testing will be the most widely used method. This technique, though, must be improved before it will be more widely accepted. Scoring must be reevaluated, validation standards must be further refined, additional research is needed regarding the accuracy of the tests, and future legal challenges probably will have to be met with respect to such testing relative to privacy, discrimination, and union busting.